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The brain controls your ability to think, talk, feel, see, hear, remember things, walk, etc. It even controls your breathing. The brain is a soft mass of supportive tissues and nerves connected to the spinal cord.

Some of the nerves in the brain go right to the eyes, ears and other parts of the head. Other nerves connect the brain with other parts of the body through the spinal cord to control personality, senses, and body functions from breathing to walking.

Together, the brain, spinal cord, and nerves form the central nervous system. The brain has three main parts: Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Brain Stem.

1.Cerebrum

The cerebrum, the large, outer part of the brain, controls reading, thinking, learning, speech, emotions, and planned muscle movements like walking. It also controls vision, hearing, and other senses.

The cerebrum is divided into two cerebral hemispheres (halves): left and right. The right half controls the left side of the body. The left half controls the right side of the body.

Each hemisphere has four sections called lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. Each lobe controls specific functions. For example, the frontal lobe controls personality, decision-making, and reasoning while the temporal lobe controls memory, speech, and sense of smell.

2.Cerebellum

The cerebellum, in the back of the brain, controls balance, coordination and fine muscle control like walking. It also functions to maintain posture and equilibrium.

3.Brainstem

The brainstem, at the bottom of the brain, connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. It includes the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. It controls fundamental body functions such as breathing, eye movements, blood pressure, heartbeat, and swallowing.

According to Sigmund Freud, the human mind can be split into three distinct areas of consciousness:

1.The Conscious mind is the top or shallowest part of the mind and is responsible for making sense of the things we are directly aware of like stress levels.

2.The Subconscious mind is below consciousness most of the time, a deeper level – it is therefore not so easily accessible and controls how we may feel or react to certain situations or circumstances, based on what we have learnt through experience in the past. It also controls and regulates our essential bodily functions, such as breathing.

3.The Unconscious mind is the deepest part of our mind and is much more difficult to reach – it can include suppressed memories of traumatic events.