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As discussed in Chapter 1, articulatory phonetics is the study of how humans use the vocal tract to produce speech. You don't need a highly detailed knowledge of speech anatomy to grasp the major issues in speech science. However, to understand many of the uses of phonetics, it is helpful to gain a basic familiarity with the major structures of the vocal tract and to understand their functions. This chapter presents an overview of the fundamentals of speech anatomy in order to prepare you for the material that follows in later chapters.