Читать книгу MCSA Windows Server 2012 R2 Complete Study Guide - Panek William - Страница 12

One of the problems in previous versions of Windows Server was how roles and features were stored on the hard disk. Before the introduction of Windows Server 2012, even if a server role or feature was disabled on a server, the binary files for that role or feature were still present on the disk. The problem with this approach is that, even if you disable the role, it still consumes space on your hard drive.

Features On Demand in Windows Server 2012 R2 solves this issue because not only can administrators disable a role or feature, they can also completely remove the role or feature’s files.

Once this is done, a state of Removed is shown in Server Manager, or the state of Disabled With Payload Removed is shown in the Dism.exe utility. To reinstall a role or feature that has been completely removed, you must have access to the installation files.

If you want to remove a role or feature completely from the system, use – Remove with the Uninstall-WindowsFeature cmdlet of Windows PowerShell. For example, if you want to remove Windows Explorer, Internet Explorer, and all dependent components completely, run the following Windows PowerShell command:

If you want to reinstall a role or feature that has been removed completely, use the Windows PowerShell – Source option of the Install-WindowsFeature Server Manager cmdlet. Using the – Source option states the path where the WIM image files and the index number of the image will be located. If an administrator decides not to use the – Source option, Windows will use Windows Update by default.

When you’re using the Features On Demand configuration, if feature files are not available on the server computer and the installation requires those feature files, Windows Server 2012 R2 can be directed to get those files from a side-by-side feature store, which is a shared folder that contains feature files. It is available to the server on the network, from Windows Update, or from installation media. This can be overwritten using the – Source option in the Windows PowerShell utility.

Source Files for Roles or Features

Offline virtual hard disks (VHDs) cannot be used as a source for installing roles or features that have been completely removed. Only sources for the same version of Windows Server 2012 R2 are supported.

To install a removed role or feature using a WIM image, follow these steps:

1. Run the following command:

In step 1, imagepath is the path where the WIM files are located.

2. Run the following command:

In step 2, featurename is the name of the role or feature from Get-WindowsFeature. path is the path to the WIM mount point, and index is the index of the server image from step 1.

To add or remove a role or feature, you must have administrative rights to the Windows Server 2012 R2 machine.