Читать книгу Algorithms in Bioinformatics - Paul A. Gagniuc - Страница 64

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells. Chloroplasts sustain all life on earth by converting solar energy (photons of different frequencies) to carbohydrates through the process of photosynthesis and oxygen release. Like many other organelles, chloroplasts originated from endosymbiotic photosynthetic organisms and retain their own unique DNA [185]. The average length of the chloroplast genome (cpDNA) is 0.153 Mb (153 kb). The chloroplast genome encodes many key proteins that are involved in photosynthesis and other metabolic processes [186]. The chloroplast genome contains between 30 and 50 different RNA genes and a number of protein-coding genes, which range from about 100 in land plants and green algae to 150–200 in nongreen algae [187].