Читать книгу Algorithms in Bioinformatics - Paul A. Gagniuc - Страница 65

Apicoplasts are organelles discovered in parasites [188]. The apicoplast is a vestigial plastid homologous to the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Apicoplasts are present in the majority of parasites from Phylum apicomplexa [189]. The apicoplast is of secondary endosymbiotic origin (please see the “The origins of eukaryotic cells” subchapter) and contains a circular genome around 0.035 Mb (35 kb; Table 2.3) [190]. The plastid encodes RNAs and proteins [191].

Table 2.3 The average genome size in different eukaryotic organelles.

Source: Refs. [190, 198].

Genome size average (Mb)
	Apicoplast	Chloroplast	Chromatophore	Cyanelle	Kinetoplast	Mitochondrion	Other plastids
AV	0.035	0.152	1.022	0.136	0.031	0.034	0.15
SD	±0.008	±0.028	—	—	±0.01	±0.463	±0.038
Average GC% content
	Apicoplast	Chloroplast	Chromatophore	Cyanelle	Kinetoplast	Mitochondrion	Other plastids
AV	15.5	37.04	37.99	30.47	21.58	35.71	36.74
SD	±3.09	±2.61	-	-	±2.96	±9.28	±2.95
Samples	54	4247	1	1	3	11 144	938

Note that smaller standard deviation (SD) values indicate that more of the data are clustered about the mean, while a larger SD value indicates the data are more spread out (larger variation in the data). The unit of length for DNA is shown in mega bases (Mb). For instance, DNA fragments equal to 1 million nucleotides (1 000 000 b) are 1 mega base in length (1 Mb) or 1000 kilo bases (1000 kb) in length. For instance, an average genome size of 0.035 Mb is 35 kb. The last row (samples) indicates how many sequenced genomes have been used for these computations.