Читать книгу More Straw Bale Building - Peter Mack - Страница 98

The following list of testing documents will help you provide the information required of you by lenders and insurers:

1) Lerner, Kelly and Pamela Wadsworth Goode, eds. The Building Official’s Guide to Straw-bale Construction, Version 2.1. California Straw Building Association (CASBA), 2000. P.O. Box 1293, Angels Camp, CA, 95222-1293, USA. <www.strawbuilding.org>

This book consolidates an impressive array of tests in one source, and frames these tests with a good introduction and resource section. You can order your copy of this book directly from CASBA <www.strawbuilding.org> or from your usual natural building book distributor. The book includes:

ASTM E72 Compression Test of Plastered Straw Bale Walls, by Matt Fitzgerald Grandsaert, 1999, University of Colorado at Boulder, sponsored by StrawCrafters and the California Straw Building Association.

ASTM E72 80 Compressive, Transverse and Racking Tests of Load-Bearing Walls, conducted under the direction of John Carrick BE, the New South Wales Environmental Protection Agency and John Glassford at the Building Research Centre of the University of New South Wales, Australia, 1998.

Straw Bale Bending and Cement Plaster/Straw Bale Bond Testing, by Jonathan Boynton, 1999, California Polytechnical State University, San Luis Obispo.

In-Plane Lateral Loading of a Stuccoed Straw Bale Wall, by Nathan White and Clint Iwanicha, 1997, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.

Straw Bale Vault Test, designed by David Mar, structural engineer, and Skillful Means Architecture and Construction. Conducted by Bill Rothacher and Doug Stark of Consolidated Engineering Laboratories (CEL), 1998, Berkeley, California.

Compressive and Lateral Loading of Straw Bale Walls, by Ghailene Bou-Ali, 1993, University of Arizona.

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Straw Bales as They Relate to a Straw House, conducted by the Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering, 1993, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Straw Bale Construction Moisture Research, by Joanna Karl, Lis Perlman and Bill Kownacki, 1995, Portland Community College, Oregon.

ASTM E-119 Small Scale Fire Test, by SHB AGRA, 1993, New Mexico.

ASTM E84-98 Surface Burning Characteristics (Flame Spread and Smoke Development) test. (These tests are available for download at DCAT <www.dcat.net> along with DCAT’S explanatory cover sheet).

Thermal Performance of Straw Bale Walls (a summary and discussion of several different thermal performance tests), by Nehemiah Stone and Tav Cummins, 1999, California Energy Commission.

2) King, Bruce, ed. EBNet Conference CD-ROM. Ecological Building Network, 2001. 209 Caledonia St., Sausalito, CA, 94965, USA. <www.ecobuildnetwork.org>

These proceedings from the 2001 EBNet Conference include many papers presented on both straw bale and other natural building methods:

Straw Bale Shear Wall Lateral Load Test, by Jason Nichols and Stan Raap, 2000, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Architectural Engineering Dept.

For the Land of Camels: A Straw Bale Test Wall for Seventeen Foot High Ceiling Structures in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, by Chris Stafford, Christopher Stafford Architects, Inc., Port Townsend, Washington.

A Pilot Study Examining the Strength, Compressibility and Serviceability of Rendered Straw Bale Walls for Two-storey Load Bearing Construction, by Michael Faine and Dr. John Zhang, 2000, University of Western Sydney, Australia.

Preliminary Report on the Out-of-plane Testing of an 8-by-8-foot Straw Bale/PISE Wall Panel, by David Arkin and Kevin Donahue, 2001, Mill Valley, California.

Straw Bale Construction: A Review of Testing and Lessons Learned to Date, by Bruce King, 2001.

A Status Report on the Greening of Building Codes and Standards, by David Eisenberg, 2001.

Alternative Building Materials and Systems — Understanding Technical Risk and Uncertainty, by John Straube, 2001.

The Ecological Building Network is currently engaged in the most comprehensive research and testing of bale walls ever undertaken. They report their progress and post their results regularly on their web site, <www.ecobuildnetwork.org>

3) CMHC Testing Reports The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) is another valuable source of testing data and documentation. CMHC is a government agency involved in social housing, mortgage insurance, research, and advocacy on housing issues. To this end, they have provided funding for straw bale housing research that has been important and influential.

A sampling of key CMHC tests includes:

Developing and Proof-Testing the “Prestressed Nebraska” Method for Improved Production of Bale Fibre Housing, by Fibrehouse Limited with Scanada Consultants Limited, 1995.

Strawbale Moisture Monitoring Report, by Rob Jolly, 2000.

Moisture Properties of Plaster and Stucco for Strawbale Buildings, by John Straube, 1999, University of Waterloo.

Pilot Study of Moisture Control in Stuccoed Straw Bale Walls, by Bob Platts, 1997.

Many other tests are also available from CMHC. You can browse all of CMHC’s material at <www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/> and order documents online, or by calling 1-800-668-2642 (or outside Canada, 613 748-2003), faxing 613-748- 2016 or mailing to CMHC, Suite 1000, 700 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0P7.

4) Straw Bale Building: An Information Package for Building Officials in Ontario, 2004.

This booklet is available from the Ontario Straw Bale Building Coalition, and contains structural, fire and moisture control data. Order from: <info@strawbalebuilding.ca>. Ontario Straw Bale Building Coalition, c/o 2025 Ventnor Road, RR # 3 , Spencerville, ON, Canada, K0E 1X0. <www.strawbalebuilding.ca>

5) University of Manitoba

Design Dead Load of a Straw Bale Wall, by E. Arbour, 2000.

Design Approach for Load-Bearing Strawbale Walls, K.J. Dick and M.G. Britton, 2002.

Resistance to Shear in Stuccoed Straw Bale Walls, by Lisa Stepnuk, 2002. All three papers available from Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 5V6, Canada, 204-474-6033, <www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/afs/biosystems_engineering/overview.html>

6) Other Test Documents

The following tests have been performed at university labs or by interested individuals. Many of these people will, understandably, ask for a fee for their document(s):

A Comparison of the Load-Bearing Capacity and Behaviour of Earth- and Cement-Rendered Straw Bale Walls, by M.A. Faine and John Zhang, University of Western Australia, <j.zhang@uws.edu.au>

House of Straw: Straw Bale Building Comes of Age, by the U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1995. Available online only at <www.eren.doe.gove/EE/strawhouse/>. This report studies thermal performance and construction cost issues, with positive results.

Straw Bale Exterior Pinning Report, by Sustainability International, 1998. Contact Bob Bolles to purchase copies <bob@strawbalehouse.com>. Engineering results on a rebar-exterior-pinning system which gained approval from the Tucson/Pima County building department.

Moisture Control in Straw Bale Homes: Report to Ontario Building Code Commission, John Straube, 1999. Building Engineering Group, Civil Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON., Canada, N2L 3G1. An important look at how straw bale walls handle moisture

Community-Built Housing Solution: A Model Strawbale Home Design, by David Riley and Sergio Palleroni, 1999.

Strength Testing of Stucco and Plaster Veneer Straw Bale Walls, by D. Riley, G. MacRae, and J.C. Ramirez, 1998. Contact Prof. David Riley, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Penn State, 104 Engineering Unit A, University Park, PA 16802, USA, <driley@engr.psu.edu>.

Moisture in Straw Bale Housing - Nova Scotia, by S.H.E. Consultants, 1998. Contact S.H.E. Consultants, RR#3, Comp. 308, Wolfville, NS, Canada. Blower door tests on several bale homes, and a “refining” of the term “breathable walls.”

Investigation of Environmental Impacts: Straw Bale Construction, by Ann V. Edminster, 1995. Contact Ann Edminster, 115 Angelita Ave, Pacifica, CA 94044, <avedminster@earthlink.net>

Evaluation of a Straw Bale Composite Wall, by Edwin R. Schmeckpepper and Joe Allen, 1999. Contact Joe Allen, PE, Allen Engineering, 917-10th Street, Clarkson, WA 99403. Tests performed on an unusual light-gauge steel/straw bale wall system.

7) Code Testing Video

Straw Bale Code Testing, Black Range Films 1996. This video documents the Arizona compression and lateral loading tests (three-string bales), the 1993 Nova Scotia moisture testing, and the NM lateral load and E-119 fire tests (two-string bales) with very positive results. Includes interviews with code officials. Available from Natural Building Resources, <www.StrawBaleCentral.com>.

This list was compiled by Chris Magwood, with extensive help from Mark Piepkorn, Lars Keller, André de Bouter, and many of the testers themselves. A version of this list appeared in The Last Straw, issue #40.