Читать книгу Английский для айтишников. Tech English: Язык программистов и IT-специалистов - Радмила Шарифьянова - Страница 3

If you’re an IT specialist, understanding computer parts is essential. With this guide, we’ll help you demystify the various components of a computer and what their functions are.

Central Processing Unit (CPU): This is the brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations.

Random Access Memory (RAM): This is the computer’s short-term memory, storing data that is currently being used by the CPU.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD): This is the computer’s long-term memory, storing data even when the power is off.

Solid State Drive (SSD): Similar to an HDD, but uses flash storage instead of spinning disks, resulting in faster read/write times.

Motherboard: This is the main circuit board that connects all the other components of the computer together.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): This is responsible for processing and displaying graphics and images.

Power Supply Unit (PSU): This supplies power to all the components of the computer.

Cooling System: This keeps the computer from overheating by dissipating heat generated from the CPU and GPU.

Vocabulary

1. Demystify – Explain or clarify something that is difficult to understand (Объяснить что-то сложное)

2. Components – Individual parts that make up a larger system (Компоненты)

3. Central Processing Unit (CPU) – The brain of the computer (Центральный процессор)

4. Random Access Memory (RAM) – The computer’s short-term memory (Оперативная память)

5. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) – The computer’s long-term memory (Жесткий диск)

6. Solid State Drive (SSD) – A type of hard drive that uses flash storage (Твердотельный диск)

7. Motherboard – The main circuit board that connects all other components of the computer (Материнская плата)

8. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) – Responsible for processing and displaying graphics and images (Графический процессор)

9. Power Supply Unit (PSU) – Supplies power to all components of the computer (Блок питания)

10. Cooling System – Keeps the computer from overheating by dissipating heat generated from the CPU and GPU (Система охлаждения)

Tasks

1. Match the following definitions with the correct computer part:

a) The brain of the computer

b) Individual parts that make up a larger system

c) The computer’s short-term memory

d) The computer’s long-term memory

e) A type of hard drive that uses flash storage

i) Central Processing Unit (CPU)

ii) Components

iii) Random Access Memory (RAM)

iv) Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

v) Solid State Drive (SSD)

Answer:

a) Central Processing Unit (CPU)

b) Components

c) Random Access Memory (RAM)

d) Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

e) Solid State Drive (SSD)

2. Fill in the blank with the appropriate vocabulary word:

«Without proper _____, a computer can overheat and damage its components.»

Answer: Cooling System

3. Write a short paragraph explaining the difference between an HDD and SSD.

Answer: While both HDDs and SSDs are used as hard drives for storing data, they differ in how they store and retrieve information. An HDD uses spinning disks to read and write data, while an SSD uses flash memory. Since an SSD has no moving parts, it can access data much faster than an HDD, resulting in quicker boot-up times and file transfers. However, SSDs are typically more expensive than HDDs.