Читать книгу Principles of Virology, Volume 2 - Jane Flint, S. Jane Flint - Страница 102

Mouse mammary tumor virus is transmitted to offspring primarily via mother’s milk into which the virus is shed, as are some tick-borne encephalitis viruses. Mumps virus and cytomegalovirus are shed into human milk but are probably not often transmitted by this route. Importantly, transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through breastfeeding is responsible for more than half of new pediatric infections with this virus. Breast milk contains components with anti-infectious, immunomodulatory, or anti-inflammatory properties that can regulate both viral reproduction and infant susceptibility. Even during antiretroviral therapy, a stable, CD4⁺ T cell-associated reservoir of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is persistently present in breast milk, a likely source of infection. Only prophylactic treatment in infants is likely to protect human immunodeficiency virus type 1-exposed babies against all forms of transmission from breast milk.