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Data that are raw, unorganized, and do not fit into the relational database systems are called unstructured data. Nearly 80% of the data generated are unstructured. Examples of unstructured data include video, audio, images, e‐mails, text files, and social media posts. Unstructured data usually reside on either text files or binary files. Data that reside in binary files do not have any identifiable internal structure, for example, audio, video, and images. Data that reside in text files are e‐mails, social media posts, pdf files, and word processing documents. Figure 1.8 shows unstructured data, the result of a Google search.

Figure 1.7 Structured data—employee details of an organization.

Figure 1.8 Unstructured data—the result of a Google search.