Читать книгу The 1994 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 16

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@Cameroon, Communications

Railroads:

1,003 km total; 858 km 1.000-meter gauge, 145 km 0.600-meter gauge

Highways:

total:

65,000 km

paved:

2,682 km

unpaved:

gravel, improved earth 32,318 km; unimproved earth 30,000 km

Inland waterways:

2,090 km; of decreasing importance

Ports:

Douala

Merchant marine:

2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 24,122 GRT/33,509 DWT

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440–3,659 m:

with runways 1,220–2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

good system of open wire, cable, troposcatter, and microwave radio

relay; 26,000 telephones, 2 telephones per 1,000 persons, available

only to business and government; broadcast stations - 11 AM, 11 FM, 1

TV; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations

@Cameroon, Defense Forces

Branches:

Army, Navy (including Naval Infantry), Air Force, National

Gendarmerie, Presidential Guard

Manpower availability:

males age 15–49 2,939,761; fit for military service 1,481,750; reach

military age (18) annually 137,020 (1994 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $219 million, less than 2% of GDP (1990

est.)

@Canada, Geography

Location:

Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and North

Pacific Ocean north of the US

Map references:

Arctic Region, North America, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

9,976,140 sq km

land area:

9,220,970 sq km

comparative area:

slightly larger than US

Land boundaries:

total 8,893 km, US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

Coastline:

243,791 km

Maritime claims:

continental shelf:

200-m depth or to depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

maritime boundary disputes with the US; Saint Pierre and Miquelon is

focus of maritime boundary dispute between Canada and France

Climate:

varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north

Terrain:

mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast

Natural resources:

nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish,

timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

35%

other:

57%

Irrigated land:

8,400 sq km (1989 est.)

Environment:

current issues:

acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal

smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on

agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming

contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry

activities

natural hazards:

continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development

international agreements:

party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

Pollution-Sulphur, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,

Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,

Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship

Pollution, Tropical Timber, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air

Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental

Protocol, Law of the Sea

Note:

second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location

between Russia and US via north polar route; nearly 90% of the

population is concentrated in the region near the US/Canada border

@Canada, People

Population:

28,113,997 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate:

1.18% (1994 est.)

Birth rate:

14.1 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate:

7.39 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Net migration rate:

5.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

78.13 years

male:

74.73 years

female:

81.71 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate:

1.84 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Canadian(s)

adjective:

Canadian

Ethnic divisions:

British Isles origin 40%, French origin 27%, other European 20%,

indigenous Indian and Eskimo 1.5%

Religions:

Roman Catholic 46%, United Church 16%, Anglican 10%, other 28%

Languages:

English (official), French (official)

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1986)

total population:

97%

male:

NA%

female:

NA%

Labor force:

13.38 million

by occupation:

services 75%, manufacturing 14%, agriculture 4%, construction 3%,

other 4% (1988)

@Canada, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

none

conventional short form:

Canada

Digraph:

Type:

confederation with parliamentary democracy

Capital:

Ottawa

Administrative divisions:

10 provinces and 2 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba,

New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia,

Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory*

Independence:

1 July 1867 (from UK)

National holiday:

Canada Day, 1 July (1867)

Constitution:

amended British North America Act 1867 patriated to Canada 17 April

1982; charter of rights and unwritten customs

Legal system:

based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system

based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction,

with reservations

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor

General Raymond John HNATYSHYN (since 29 January 1990)

head of government:

Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993) was elected on 25

October 1993, replacing Kim CAMBELL; Deputy Prime Minister Sheila

COPPS

cabinet:

Federal Ministry; chosen by the prime minister from members of his own

party sitting in Parliament

Legislative branch:

bicameral Parliament (Parlement)

Senate (Senat):

consisting of a body whose members are appointed to serve until 75

years of age by the governor general and selected on the advice of the

prime minister; its normal limit 104 senators

House of Commons (Chambre des Communes):

elections last held 25 October 1993 (next to be held by NA October

1998); results - number of votes by percent NA; seats - (295 total)

Liberal Party 178, Bloc Quebecois 54, Reform Party 52, New Democratic

Party 8, Progressive Conservative Party 2, independents 1

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court

Political parties and leaders:

Liberal Party, Jean CHRETIEN; Bloc Quebecois, Lucien BOUCHARD; Reform

Party, Preston MANNING; New Democratic Party, Audrey McLAUGHLIN;

Progressive Conservative Party, Jean CHAREST

Member of:

ACCT, AfDB, AG (observer), APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC,

CDB (non-regional), COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESA (cooperating

state), FAO, G-7, G-8, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU,

IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC,

IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA,

NSG, OAS, OECD, ONUSAL, PCA, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO,

UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOMOZ, UNOMUR, UNPROFOR, UNTAC, UNTSO,

UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WIPO, WTO, ZC

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Raymond CHRETIEN

chancery:

501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001

telephone:

(202) 682–1740

FAX:

(202) 682–7726

consulate(s) general:

Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles,

Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia, and Seattle

consulate(s):

Cincinnati, Cleveland, Miami, Pittsburg, Princeton, San Diego, San

Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador James Johnston BLANCHARD

embassy:

100 Wellington Street, K1P 5T1, Ottawa

mailing address:

P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669–0430

telephone:

(613) 238–5335 or 4470

FAX:

(613) 238–5720

consulate(s) general:

Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, and Vancouver

Flag:

three vertical bands of red (hoist side), white (double width,

square), and red with a red maple leaf centered in the white band

@Canada, Economy

Overview:

As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely

resembles the US in per capita output, market-oriented economic

system, and pattern of production. Since World War II the impressive

growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has

transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily

industrial and urban. In the 1980s, Canada registered one of the

highest rates of real growth among the OECD nations, averaging about

3.2%. With its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and

modern capital plant, Canada has excellent economic prospects,

although the country still faces high unemployment and a growing debt.

Moreover, the continuing constitutional impasse between English- and

French-speaking areas has observers discussing a possible split in the

confederation; foreign investors have become edgy.

National product:

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $617.7 billion (1993)

National product real growth rate:

2.4% (1993)

National product per capita:

$22,200 (1993)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

1.9% (1993)

Unemployment rate:

11% (December 1993)

Budget:

revenues:

$92.34 billion (Federal)

expenditures:

$123.04 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY93 est.)

Exports:

$133.9 billion (f.o.b., 1993)

commodities:

newsprint, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, machinery, natural gas,

aluminum, motor vehicles and parts; telecommunications equipment

partners:

US, Japan, UK, Germany, South Korea, Netherlands, China

Imports:

$125.3 billion (c.i.f., 1993)

commodities:

crude oil, chemicals, motor vehicles and parts, durable consumer

goods, electronic computers; telecommunications equipment and parts

partners:

US, Japan, UK, Germany, France, Mexico, Taiwan, South Korea

External debt:

$435 billion (1993)

Industrial production:

growth rate 3.5% (1993)

Electricity:

capacity:

109,340,000 kW

production:

493 billion kWh

consumption per capita:

17,900 kWh (1992)

Industries:

processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper

products, transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products,

petroleum and natural gas

Agriculture:

accounts for about 3% of GDP; one of the world's major producers and

exporters of grain (wheat and barley); key source of US agricultural

imports; large forest resources cover 35% of total land area;

commercial fisheries provide annual catch of 1.5 million metric tons,

of which 75% is exported

Illicit drugs:

illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market; use of

hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of

high-quality marijuana indoors; growing role as a transit point for

heroin and cocaine entering the US market

Economic aid:

donor:

ODA and OOF commitments (1970–89), $7.2 billion

Currency:

1 Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents

Exchange rates:

Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1 - 1.3174 (January 1994), 1.2901

(1993), 1.2087 (1992), 1.1457 (1991), 1.1668 (1990), 1.1840 (1989)

Fiscal year:

1 April - 31 March

@Canada, Communications

Railroads:

146,444 km total; two major transcontinental freight railway systems -

Canadian National (government owned) and Canadian Pacific Railway;

passenger service - VIA (government operated); 158 km is electrified

Highways:

total:

884,272 km

paved:

250,023 km

unpaved:

gravel 462,913 km; earth 171,336 km

Inland waterways:

3,000 km, including Saint Lawrence Seaway

Pipelines:

crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km

Ports:

Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick), Saint John's

(Newfoundland), Toronto, Vancouver

Merchant marine:

59 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 448,357 GRT/639,319 DWT, bulk 9,

cargo 8, chemical tanker 4, container 1, oil tanker 22, passenger 1,

passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 6,

short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 2

note:

does not include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes

Airports:

total:

1,356

usable:

1,107

with permanent-surface runways:

458

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440–3,659 m:

with runways 1,220–2,439 m:

326

Telecommunications:

excellent service provided by modern media; 18.0 million telephones;

broadcast stations - 900 AM, 29 FM, 53 (1,400 repeaters) TV; 5 coaxial

submarine cables; over 300 earth stations operating in INTELSAT

(including 4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) and domestic systems

@Canada, Defense Forces

Branches:

Canadian Armed Forces (including Land Forces Command, Maritime

Command, Air Command, Communications Command, Training Command), Royal

Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)

Manpower availability:

males age 15–49 7,508,590; fit for military service 6,482,267; reach

military age (17) annually 191,850 (1994 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $10.3 billion, 1.9% of GDP (FY93/94)

@Cape Verde, Geography

Location:

Western Africa, in the southeastern North Atlantic Ocean, 500 km west

of Senegal in Western Africa

Map references:

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

4,030 sq km

land area:

4,030 sq km

comparative area:

slightly larger than Rhode Island

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

965 km

Maritime claims:

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

none

Climate:

temperate; warm, dry, summer; precipitation very erratic

Terrain:

steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic

Natural resources:

salt, basalt rock, pozzolana, limestone, kaolin, fish

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

other:

85%

Irrigated land:

20 sq km (1989 est.)

Environment:

current issues:

deforestation; overgrazing; desertification

natural hazards:

subject to prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility;

volcanically and seismically active

international agreements:

party to - Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,

Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate

Change

Note:

strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major

north-south sea routes; important communications station; important

sea and air refueling site

@Cape Verde, People

Population: 423,120 (July 1994 est.) Population growth rate: 3.01% (1994 est.) Birth rate: 46.23 births/1,000 population (1994 est.) Death rate: 9.04 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.) Net migration rate: −7.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.) Infant mortality rate: 57.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 62.59 years male: 60.7 years female: 64.58 years (1994 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.32 children born/woman (1994 est.) Nationality: noun: Cape Verdean(s) adjective: Cape Verdean Ethnic divisions: Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1% Religions: Roman Catholicism fused with indigenous beliefs Languages: Portuguese, Crioulo, a blend of Portuguese and West African words Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1989) total population: 66% male: NA% female: NA% Labor force: 102,000 (1985 est.) by occupation: agriculture (mostly subsistence) 57%, services 29%, industry 14% (1981) note: 51% of population of working age (1985)

@Cape Verde, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Republic of Cape Verde

conventional short form:

Cape Verde

local long form:

Republica de Cabo Verde

local short form:

Cabo Verde

Digraph:

Type:

republic

Capital:

Praia

Administrative divisions:

14 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Fogo,

Maio, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina,

Santa Cruz, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal

Independence:

5 July 1975 (from Portugal)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 5 July (1975)

Constitution:

new constitution came into force 25 September 1992

Legal system:

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state:

President Antonio MASCARENHAS Monteiro (since 22 March 1991) election

last held 17 February 1991 (next to be held February 1996); results -

Antonio Monteiro MASCARENHAS (independent) received 72.6% of vote

head of government:

Prime Minister Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho VEIGA (since 13

January 1991);

cabinet:

Council of Ministers; appointed by prime minister from members of the

Assembly

Legislative branch:

unicameral

People's National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional Popular):

elections last held 13 January 1991 (next to be held January 1996);

results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (79 total) MPD 56,

PAICV 23; note - this multiparty Assembly election ended 15 years of

single-party rule

Judicial branch:

Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justia)

Political parties and leaders:

Movement for Democracy (MPD), Prime Minister Carlos VEIGA, founder and

chairman; African Party for Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), Pedro

Verona Rodrigues PIRES, chairman

Member of:

ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD,

IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOM (observer), ITU, LORCS,

NAM, OAU, UN (Cape Verde assumed a nonpermanent seat on the Security

Council on 1 January 1992), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UPU, WCL,

WHO, WMO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Carlos Alberto Santos SILVA

chancery:

3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:

(202) 965–6820

FAX:

(202) 965–1207

consulate(s) general:

Boston

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Joseph M. SEGARS

embassy:

Rua Hoji Ya Henda 81, Praia

mailing address:

C. P. 201, Praia

telephone:

[238] 61–56-16 or 61–56-17

FAX:

[238] 61–13-55

Flag:

three horozontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with

a horozontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle

of 10 yellow five pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the

red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands

@Cape Verde, Economy

Overview:

Cape Verde's low per capita GDP reflects a poor natural resource base,

a serious, long-term drought, and a high birthrate. The economy is

service oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services

accounting for 60% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives

in rural areas, agriculture's share of GDP is only 20%; the fishing

sector accounts for 4%. About 90% of food must be imported. The

fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. In

1988 fishing represented only 3.5% of GDP. Cape Verde annually runs a

high trade deficit, financed by remittances from emigrants and foreign

aid. Economic reforms launched by the new democratic government in

February 1991 are aimed at developing the private sector and

attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy.

National product:

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $415 million (1991 est.)

National product real growth rate:

3.3% (1991 est.)

National product per capita:

$1,070 (1991)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

8.7% (1991 est.)

Unemployment rate:

25% (1988)

Budget:

revenues:

$104 million

expenditures:

$133 million, including capital expenditures of $72 million (1991

est.)

Exports:

$6 million (f.o.b., 1990)

commodities:

fish, bananas, hides and skins

partners:

Portugal 40%, Algeria 31%, Angola, Netherlands (1990 est.)

Imports:

$145 million (c.i.f., 1990)

commodities:

foodstuffs, consumer goods, industrial products, transport equipment

partners:

Sweden 33%, Spain 11%, Germany 5%, Portugal 3%, France 3%,

Netherlands, US (1990 est.)

External debt:

$156 million (1991)

Industrial production:

growth rate 18% (1988 est.); accounts for 7% of GDP

Electricity:

capacity:

15,000 kW

production:

15 million kWh

consumption per capita:

40 kWh (1991)

Industries:

fish processing, salt mining, clothing factories, ship repair,

construction materials, food and beverage production

Agriculture:

accounts for 20% of GDP (including fishing); largely subsistence

farming; bananas are the only export crop; other crops - corn, beans,

sweet potatoes, coffee; growth potential of agricultural sector

limited by poor soils and scanty rainfall; annual food imports

required; fish catch provides for both domestic consumption and small

exports

Economic aid:

recipient:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY75–90), $93 million; Western

(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–90), $586

million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $12 million; Communist

countries (1970–89), $36 million

Currency:

1 Cape Verdean escudo (CVEsc) = 100 centavos

Exchange rates:

Cape Verdean escudos (CVEsc) per US$1 - 85.992 (December 1993), 80.574

(1993), 68.018 (1992), 71.408 (1991), 70.031 (1990), 77.978 (1989)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

@Cape Verde, Communications

Highways:

total:

paved:

unpaved:

Ports:

Mindelo, Praia

Merchant marine:

7 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,717 GRT/19,000 DWT

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440–3,659 m:

with runways 1,220–2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

interisland microwave radio relay system, high-frequency radio to

Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; over 1,700 telephones; broadcast stations -

1 AM, 6 FM, 1 TV; 2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean

INTELSAT earth station

@Cape Verde, Defense Forces

Branches:

People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARP) (including Army and Navy),

Security Service

Manpower availability:

males age 15–49 78,153; fit for military service 45,804

Defense expenditures:

$NA, NA% of GDP

@Cayman Islands

Header Affiliation: (dependent territory of the UK)

@Cayman Islands, Geography

Location: Caribbean, in the northwestern Caribbean Sea, nearly halfway between Cuba and Honduras Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 260 sq km land area: 260 sq km comparative area: slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 160 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April) Terrain: low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs Natural resources: fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 8% forest and woodland: 23% other: 69% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: subject to hurricanes international agreements: NA Note: important location between Cuba and Central America

@Cayman Islands, People

Population:

31,790 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate:

4.33% (1994 est.)

Birth rate:

15.06 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate:

4.98 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Net migration rate:

33.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

77.1 years

male:

75.37 years

female:

78.81 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate:

1.46 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Caymanian(s)

adjective:

Caymanian

Ethnic divisions:

mixed 40%, white 20%, black 20%, expatriates of various ethnic groups

20%

Religions:

United Church (Presbyterian and Congregational), Anglican, Baptist,

Roman Catholic, Church of God, other Protestant denominations

Languages:

English

Literacy:

age 15 and over having ever attended school (1970)

total population:

98%

male:

98%

female:

98%

Labor force:

8,061

by occupation:

service workers 18.7%, clerical 18.6%, construction 12.5%, finance and

investment 6.7%, directors and business managers 5.9% (1979)

@Cayman Islands, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

none

conventional short form:

Cayman Islands

Digraph:

Type:

dependent territory of the UK

Capital:

George Town

Administrative divisions:

8 districts; Creek, Eastern, Midland, South Town, Spot Bay, Stake Bay,

West End, Western

Independence:

none (dependent territory of the UK)

National holiday:

Constitution Day (first Monday in July)

Constitution:

1959, revised 1972 and 1992

Legal system:

British common law and local statutes

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)

head of government:

Governor and President of the Executive Council Michael GORE (since 15

September 1992)

cabinet:

Executive Council; 3 members are appointed by the governor, 4 members

elected by the Legislative Assembly

Legislative branch:

unicameral

Legislative Assembly:

election last held November 1992 (next to be held November 1996);

results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (15 total, 12 elected)

Judicial branch:

Grand Court, Cayman Islands Court of Appeal

Political parties and leaders:

no formal political parties

Member of:

CARICOM (observer), CDB, INTERPOL (subbureau), IOC

Diplomatic representation in US:

none (dependent territory of the UK)

US diplomatic representation:

none (dependent territory of the UK)

Flag:

blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the

Caymanian coat of arms on a white disk centered on the outer half of

the flag; the coat of arms includes a pineapple and turtle above a

shield with three stars (representing the three islands) and a scroll

at the bottom bearing the motto HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE SEAS

@Cayman Islands, Economy

Overview:

The economy depends heavily on tourism (70% of GDP and 75% of foreign

currency earnings) and offshore financial services, with the tourist

industry aimed at the luxury market and catering mainly to visitors

from North America. About 90% of the islands' food and consumer goods

needs must be imported. The Caymanians enjoy one of the highest

standards of living in the region.

National product:

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $670 million (1991 est.)

National product real growth rate:

4.4% (1991)

National product per capita:

$23,000 (1991 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

1.5% (1992 est.)

Unemployment rate:

7% (1992)

Budget:

revenues:

$141.5 million

expenditures:

$160.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991)

Exports:

$2.6 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)

commodities:

turtle products, manufactured consumer goods

partners:

mostly US

Imports:

$262.2 million (c.i.f., 1991 est.)

commodities:

foodstuffs, manufactured goods

partners:

US, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, Netherlands Antilles, Japan

External debt:

$15 million (1986)

Industrial production:

growth rate NA%

Electricity:

capacity:

74,000 kW

production:

256 million kWh

consumption per capita:

8,780 kWh (1992)

Industries:

tourism, banking, insurance and finance, construction, building

materials, furniture making

Agriculture:

minor production of vegetables, fruit, livestock; turtle farming

Illicit drugs:

a major money-laundering center for illicit drug profits;

transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and

Europe

Economic aid:

recipient:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $26.7 million; Western

(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–89), $35

million

Currency:

1 Caymanian dollar (CI$) = 100 cents

Exchange rates:

Caymanian dollars (CI$) per US$1 - 0.85 (22 November 1993)

Fiscal year:

1 April - 31 March

@Cayman Islands, Communications

Highways:

total:

160 km (main roads)

paved:

unpaved:

Ports:

George Town, Cayman Brac

Merchant marine:

30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 368,037 GRT/581,060 DWT, bulk 9,

cargo 8, chemical tanker 2, oil tanker 3, passenger-cargo 1,

roll-on/roll-off cargo 7

note:

a flag of convenience registry

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440–3,659 m:

with runways 1,220–2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

35,000 telephones; telephone system uses 1 submarine coaxial cable and

1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station to link islands and access

international services; broadcast stations - 2 AM, 1 FM, no TV

@Cayman Islands, Defense Forces

Branches:

Royal Cayman Islands Police Force (RCIPF)

Note:

defense is the responsibility of the UK

@Central African Republic, Geography

Location:

Central Africa, between Chad and Zaire

Map references:

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

622,980 sq km

land area:

622,980 sq km

comparative area:

slightly smaller than Texas

Land boundaries:

total 5,203 km, Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Congo 467 km, Sudan

1,165 km, Zaire 1,577 km

Coastline:

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:

none; landlocked

International disputes:

none

Climate:

tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers

Terrain:

vast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau; scattered hills in

northeast and southwest

Natural resources:

diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

64%

other:

28%

Irrigated land:

NA sq km

Environment:

current issues:

poaching has diminished reputation as one of last great wildlife

refuges; desertification

natural hazards:

hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas

international agreements:

party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer

Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change,

Law of the Sea

Note:

landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa

Population:

3,142,182 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.16% (1994 est.)

Birth rate:

42.3 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate:

20.69 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Net migration rate:

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

137.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

42.54 years

male:

41.07 years

female:

44.06 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate:

5.42 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Central African(s)

adjective:

Central African

Ethnic divisions:

Baya 34%, Banda 27%, Sara 10%, Mandjia 21%, Mboum 4%, M'Baka 4%,

Europeans 6,500 (including 3,600 French)

Religions:

indigenous beliefs 24%, Protestant 25%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim

15%, other 11%

note:

animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian

majority

Languages:

French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language),

Arabic, Hunsa, Swahili

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

total population:

27%

male:

33%

female:

15%

Labor force:

775,413 (1986 est.)

by occupation:

agriculture 85%, commerce and services 9%, industry 3%, government 3%

note:

about 64,000 salaried workers; 55% of population of working age (1985)

@Central African Republic, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Central African Republic

conventional short form:

none

local long form:

Republique Centrafricaine

local short form:

none

former:

Central African Empire

Abbreviation:

CAR

Digraph:

Type:

republic; one-party presidential regime since 1986

Capital:

Bangui

Administrative divisions:

14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture), 2 economic

prefectures* (prefectures economiques, singular - prefecture

economique), and 1 commune**; Bamingui-Bangoran, Bangui** Basse-Kotto,

Gribingui*, Haute-Kotto, Haute-Sangha, Haut-Mbomou, Kemo-Gribingui,

Lobaye, Mbomou, Nana-Mambere, Ombella-Mpoko, Ouaka, Ouham,

Ouham-Pende, Sangha*, Vakaga

Independence:

13 August 1960 (from France)

National holiday:

National Day, 1 December (1958) (proclamation of the republic)

Constitution:

21 November 1986

Legal system:

based on French law

Suffrage:

21 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state:

President Felix (Ange) PATASSE (since 22 October 1993) election last

held 19 September 1993; PATASSE received 52.45% of the votes and Abel

GOUMBA received 45.62%; next election schelduled for 1998

head of government:

Prime Minister Dr. Jean-Luc MANDABA (since 25 October 1993)

cabinet:

Council of Ministers; appointed by the president

Legislative branch:

unicameral

National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale):

elections last held 19 September 1993; results - percentage vote by

party NA; seats - (85 total) MLPC 33, RDC 14, PLD 7, ADP 6, PSD 3,

others 22

note:

the National Assembly is advised by the Economic and Regional Council

(Conseil Economique et Regional); when they sit together they are

called the Congress (Congres)

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Political parties and leaders:

Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People (MLPC), the

party of the new president, Ange Felix PATASSE; Central African

Democratic Party (RDC), Laurent GOMINA-PAMPALI; Council of Moderates

Coalition includes; Union of the People for Economic and Social

Development (UPDS), Katossy SIMANI; Liberal Republican Party (PARELI),

Augustin M'BOE; Central African Socialist Movement (MSCA), Michel

BENGUE; Concerted Democratic Forces (CFD), a coalition of 13 parties,

including; Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ADP), Francois PEHOUA;

Central African Republican party (PRC), Ruth ROLLAND; Social

Democratic Party (PSD), Enoch DERANT-LAKOUE; Civic Forum (FC), Gen.

Timothee MALENDOMA; Liberal Democratic Party (PLD), Nestor

KOMBOT-NAGUEMON; Movement for the Liberation of the Central African

People (MLPC), Felix (Ange) PATASSE

Member of:

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD,

ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS,

NAM, OAU, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Henri KOBA

chancery:

1618 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

(202) 483–7800 or 7801

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Robert E. GRIBBIN

embassy:

Avenue David Dacko, Bangui

mailing address:

B. P. 924, Bangui

telephone:

[236] 61–02-00, 61–25-78, 61–43-33, 61–02-10

FAX:

[236] 61–44-94

Flag:

four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow

with a vertical red band in center; there is a yellow five-pointed

star on the hoist side of the blue band

@Central African Republic, Economy

Overview:

Subsistence agriculture, including forestry, remains the backbone of

the CAR economy, with more than 70% of the population living in the

countryside. In 1990 the agricultural sector generated about 42% of

GDP. Timber accounted for about 26% of export earnings and the diamond

industry for 54%. Important constraints to economic development

include the CAR's landlocked position, a poor transportation system,

and a weak human resource base. Multilateral and bilateral development

assistance, particularly from France, plays a major role in providing

capital for new investment.

National product:

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $2.5 billion (1993 est.)

National product real growth rate:

−3% (1990 est.)

National product per capita:

$800 (1993 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

−3% (1990 est.)

Unemployment rate:

30% (1988 est.) in Bangui

Budget:

revenues:

$175 million

expenditures:

$312 million, including capital expenditures of $122 million (1991

est.)

Exports:

$123.5 million (f.o.b.1992)

commodities:

diamonds, cotton, coffee, timber, tobacco

partners:

France, Belgium, Italy, Japan, US

Imports:

$165.1 million (f.o.b.1992)

commodities:

food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment,

motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, industrial

products

partners:

France, other EC countries, Japan, Algeria

External debt:

$859 million (1991)

Industrial production:

growth rate 4% (1990 est.); accounts for 14% of GDP

Electricity:

capacity:

40,000 kW

production:

95 million kWh

consumption per capita:

30 kWh (1991)

Industries:

diamond mining, sawmills, breweries, textiles, footwear, assembly of

bicycles and motorcycles

Agriculture:

accounts for 42% of GDP; self-sufficient in food production except for

grain; commercial crops - cotton, coffee, tobacco, timber; food crops

- manioc, yams, millet, corn, bananas

Economic aid:

recipient:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–90), $52 million; Western

(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–90), $1.6

billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $6 million; Communist countries

(1970–89), $38 million

Currency:

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Exchange rates:

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 592.05

(January 1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26

(1990), 319.01 (1989)

note:

beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per

French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Fiscal year:

calendar year

@Central African Republic, Communications

Highways:

total:

22,000 km

paved:

bituminous 458 km

unpaved:

improved earth 10,542 km; unimproved earth 11,000 km

Inland waterways:

800 km; traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft

dugouts; Oubangui is the most important river

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440–3,659 m:

with runways 1,220–2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

fair system; network relies primarily on radio relay links, with

low-capacity, low-powered radiocommunication also used; broadcast

stations - 1 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

@Central African Republic, Defense Forces

Branches:

Central African Army (including Republican Guard), Air Force, National

Gendarmerie, Police Force

Manpower availability:

males age 15–49 701,728; fit for military service 367,264

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $23 million, 1.8% of GDP (1989 est.)

@Chad, Geography

Location:

Central Africa, between the Central African Republic and Libya

Map references:

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

1.284 million sq km

land area:

1,259,200 sq km

comparative area:

slightly more than three times the size of California

Land boundaries:

total 5,968 km, Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km,

Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km

Coastline:

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:

none; landlocked

International disputes:

the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in February 1994 that

the 100,000 sq km Aozou Strip between Chad and Libya belongs to Chad,

and that Libya must withdraw from it by 31 May 1994; Libya had

withdrawn its forces in response to the ICJ ruling, but as of June

1994 still maintained an airfield in the disputed area; demarcation of

international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which has led to

border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification

by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria

Climate:

tropical in south, desert in north

Terrain:

broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest,

lowlands in south

Natural resources:

petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron,

kaolin, fish (Lake Chad)

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

36%

forest and woodland:

11%

other:

51%

Irrigated land:

100 sq km (1989 est.)

Environment:

current issues:

desertification

natural hazards:

hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts;

subject to locust plagues

international agreements:

party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands; signed, but

not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine

Dumping

Note:

landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel

@Chad, People

Population:

5,466,771 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.15% (1994 est.)

Birth rate:

42.12 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate:

20.59 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Net migration rate:

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

131.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

40.79 years

male:

39.7 years

female:

41.94 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate:

5.33 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Chadian(s)

adjective:

Chadian

Ethnic divisions:

north and center:

Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi,

Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba)

south:

non-Muslims (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa)

nonindigenous 150,000, of whom 1,000 are French

Religions:

Muslim 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs, animism 25%

Languages:

French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), Sango (in

south), more than 100 different languages and dialects are spoken

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic (1990 est.)

total population:

30%

male:

42%

female:

18%

Labor force:

by occupation:

agriculture 85% (engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and

fishing)

@Chad, Government

Names: conventional long form: Republic of Chad conventional short form: Chad local long form: Republique du Tchad local short form: Tchad Digraph: CD Type: republic Capital: N'Djamena Administrative divisions: 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile Independence: 11 August 1960 (from France) National holiday: Independence Day 11 August (1960) Constitution: 22 December 1989, suspended 3 December 1990; Provisional National Charter 1 March 1991; constitutional commission drafting new constitution to submit to transitional parliament for ratification in April 1994 Legal system: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: universal at age NA Executive branch: chief of state: President Col. Idriss DEBY, since 4 December 1990 (after seizing power on 3 December 1990 - transitional government's mandate expires April 1995) head of government: Prime Minister Kassire Delwa KOUMAKOYE (since 17 November 1993) cabinet: Council of State; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral National Consultative Council (Conceil National Consultatif): elections last held 8 July 1990; disbanded 3 December 1990 and replaced by the Provisional Council of the Republic having 30 members appointed by President DEBY on 8 March 1991; this, in turn, was replaced by a 57-member Higher Transitional Council (Conseil Superieur de Transition) elected by a specially convened Sovereign National Conference on 6 April 1993 Judicial branch: Court of Appeal Political parties and leaders: Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS; former dissident group), Idriss DEBY, chairman note: President DEBY, who promised political pluralism, a new constitution, and free elections by April 1994, has postponed these initiatives for another year; there are numerous dissident groups and 26 opposition political parties Other political or pressure groups: NA Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: (vacant); Ambassador KOUMBARIA Laoumaye Mekonyo died on 16 May 1994 chancery: 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 462–4009 FAX: (202) 265–1937 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Lawrence POPE embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena telephone: [235] (51) 62–18, 40–09, or 62–11 FAX: [235] (51) 33–72 Flag: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flag of Andorra, which has a national coat of arms featuring a quartered shield centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France Overview: Climate, geographic remoteness, poor resource endowment, and lack of infrastructure make Chad one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. Its economy is hobbled by political turmoil, conflict with Libya, drought, and food shortages. Consequently the economy has shown little progress in recent years in overcoming a severe setback brought on by civil war in the late 1980s. Over 80% of the work force is involved in subsistence farming and fishing. Cotton is the major cash crop, accounting for at least half of exports. Chad is highly dependent on foreign aid, especially food credits, given chronic shortages in several regions. The government hopes that discovery of several oil deposits near Lake Chad will lead to economic revival and a windfall in government revenues by 2000. National product: GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $2.7 billion (1993 est.) National product real growth rate: 8.4% (1991 est.) National product per capita: $500 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2%-3% (1991 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $115 million expenditures: $412 million, including capital expenditures of $218 million (1991 est.) Exports: $193.9 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: cotton 48%, cattle 35%, textiles 5%, fish partners: France, Nigeria, Cameroon Imports: $294.1 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment 39%, industrial goods 20%, petroleum products 13%, foodstuffs 9%; note - excludes military equipment partners: US, France, Nigeria, Cameroon External debt: $492 million (December 1990 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 12.9% (1989 est.); accounts for nearly 15% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 40,000 kW production: 70 million kWh consumption per capita: 15 kWh (1991) Industries: cotton textile mills, slaughterhouses, brewery, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes Agriculture: accounts for about 45% of GDP; largely subsistence farming; cotton most important cash crop; food crops include sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, camels; self-sufficient in food in years of adequate rainfall Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $198 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–89), $1.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $28 million; Communist countries (1970–89), $80 million Currency: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine Francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 592.05 (January 1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989) note: beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: calendar year

@Chad, Communications

Highways:

total:

31,322 km

paved:

bituminous 32 km

unpaved:

gravel, crushed stone 7,300 km; earth 23,990 km

Inland waterways:

2,000 km navigable

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440–3,659 m:

with runways 1,220–2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

fair system of radiocommunication stations for intercity links;

broadcast stations - 6 AM, 1 FM, limited TV service; many facilities

are inoperative; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

@Chad, Defense Forces

Branches:

Army (includes Ground Forces, Air Force, and Gendarmerie), Republican

Guard

Manpower availability:

males age 15–49 1,276,167; fit for military service 663,326; reach

military age (20) annually 54,027 (1994 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $58 million, 5.6% of GDP (1989)

@Chile, Geography

Location:

Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean between

Argentina and Peru

Map references:

South America, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

756,950 sq km

land area:

748,800 sq km

comparative area:

slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana

note:

includes Isla de Pascua (Easter Island) and Isla Sala y Gomez

Land boundaries:

total 6,171 km, Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km

Coastline:

6,435 km

Maritime claims:

contiguous zone:

24 nm

continental shelf:

200 nm

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

short section of the southern boundary with Argentina is indefinite;

Bolivia has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean

since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Bolivia

over Rio Lauca water rights; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean

Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims

Climate:

temperate; desert in north; cool and damp in south

Terrain:

low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east

Natural resources:

copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

16%

forest and woodland:

21%

other:

56%

Irrigated land:

12,650 sq km (1989 est.)

Environment:

current issues:

air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution

from untreated sewage; deforestation contributing to loss of

biodiversity; soil erosion; desertification

natural hazards:

subject to severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis

international agreements:

party to - Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,

Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands,

Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea

Note:

strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Pacific

Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama

Desert one of world's driest regions

@Chile, People

Population:

13,950,557 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate:

1.51% (1994 est.)

Birth rate:

20.59 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate:

5.49 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Net migration rate:

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

15.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

74.51 years

male:

71.52 years

female:

77.65 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate:

2.5 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Chilean(s)

adjective:

Chilean

Ethnic divisions:

European and European-Indian 95%, Indian 3%, other 2%

Religions:

Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, Jewish

Languages:

Spanish

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

total population:

93%

male:

94%

female:

93%

Labor force:

4.728 million

by occupation:

services 38.3% (includes government 12%), industry and commerce 33.8%,

agriculture, forestry, and fishing 19.2%, mining 2.3%, construction

6.4% (1990)

@Chile, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Republic of Chile

conventional short form:

Chile

local long form:

Republica de Chile

local short form:

Chile

Digraph:

Type:

republic

Capital:

Santiago

Administrative divisions:

13 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aisen del General Carlos

Ibanez del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Atacama, Bio-Bio, Coquimbo,

Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Magallanes y de la

Antartica Chilena, Maule, Region Metropolitana, Tarapaca, Valparaiso

note:

the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica

Independence:

18 September 1810 (from Spain)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 18 September (1810)

Constitution:

11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 30 July 1989

Legal system:

based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes

influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative

acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ

jurisdiction

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Executive branch:

chief of state and head of government:

President Eduardo FREI Ruiz-Tagle (since 11 March 1994) election last

held 11 December 1993 (next to be held December 1999); results -

Eduardo FREI Ruiz-Tagle (PDC) 58%, Arturo ALESSANDRI 24.4%, other

17.6%

cabinet:

Cabinet; appointed by the president

Legislative branch:

bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional)

Senate (Senado):

election last held 11 December 1993 (next to be held December 1997);

results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (46 total, 38 elected)

Concertation of Parties for Democracy 21 (PDC 13, PS 4, PPD 3, PR 1),

Union for the Progress of Chile 15 (RN 11, UDI 3, UCC 1), right-wing

independents 10

Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados):

election last held 11 December 1993 (next to be held December 1997);

results - Concertation of Parties for Democracy 53.95% (PDC 27.16%, PS

12.01%, PPD 11.82%, PR 2.96%,); Union for the Progress of Chile 30.57%

(RN 15.25%, UDI 12.13%, UCC 3.19%); seats - (120 total) Concertation

of Parties for Democracy 70 (PDC 37, PPD 15, PR 2, PS 15, left-wing

independent 1), Union for the Progress of Chile 47 (RN 30, UDI 15, UCC

2), right-wing independents 3

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)

Political parties and leaders:

Concertation of Parties for Democracy consists mainly of four parties:

Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Gutenberg MARTINEZ; Socialist Party

(PS), Camilo ESCALONA; Party for Democracy (PPD), Victor Manuel

REBOLLEDO; Radical Party (PR), Carlos GONZALEZ Marquez; Union for the

Progress of Chile consists mainly of three parties: National Renewal

(RN), Andres ALLAMAND; Independent Democratic Union (UDI), Jovino

NOVOA; Center Center Union (UCC), Francisco Javier ERRAZURIZ

Other political or pressure groups:

revitalized university student federations at all major universities;

labor - United Labor Central (CUT) includes trade unionists from the

country's five largest labor confederations; Roman Catholic Church

Member of:

CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA,

IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO,

ITU, LAES, LAIA, LORCS, NAM, OAS, ONUSAL, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD,

UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMOGIP, UNTAC, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,

WTO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador John BIEHL del Rio

chancery:

1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:

(202) 785–1746

FAX:

(202) 887–5579

consulate(s) general:

Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco,

and San Juan (Puerto Rico)

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Curtis W. KAMMAN

embassy:

Codina Building, 1343 Agustinas, Santiago

mailing address:

Unit 4127, Santiago; APO AA 34033

telephone:

[56] (2) 671–0133

FAX:

[56] (2) 699–1141

Flag:

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue

square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the

white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center;

design was based on the US flag

@Chile, Economy

Overview:

Chile has a prosperous, essentially free market economy, with the

degree of government intervention varying according to the philosophy

of the different regimes. Under the center-left government of

President AYLWIN, which took power in March 1990, spending on social

welfare has risen steadily. At the same time business investment,

exports and consumer spending have also grown substantially. The new

president, FREI, who takes office in March 1994, is expected to

emphasize social spending even more. Growth in 1991–93 has averaged 8%

annually, with an estimated one million Chileans having moved out of

poverty in the last four years. Copper remains vital to the health of

the economy; Chile is the world's largest producer and exporter of

copper.

National product:

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $96 billion (1993 est.)

National product real growth rate:

5.8% (1993 est.)

National product per capita:

$7,000 (1993 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

12.3% (1993 est.)

Unemployment rate:

5.1% (1993 est.)

Budget:

revenues:

$10.9 billion

expenditures:

$10.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.2 billion (1993)

Exports:

$10 billion (f.o.b., 1992)

commodities:

copper 41%, other metals and minerals 8.7%, wood products 7.1%, fish

and fishmeal 9.8%, fruits 8.4% (1991)

partners:

EC 29%, Japan 17%, US 16%, Argentina 5%, Brazil 5% (1992)

Imports:

$9.2 billion (f.o.b., 1992)

commodities:

capital goods 25.2%, spare parts 24.8%, raw materials 15.4%, petroleum

10%, foodstuffs 5.7%

partners:

EC 24%, US 21%, Brazil 10%, Japan 10% (1992)

External debt:

$19.7 billion (1993 est.)

Industrial production:

growth rate 9.3% (1992 est.); accounts for 34% of GDP

Electricity:

capacity:

5,769,000 kW

production:

22.01 billion kWh

consumption per capita:

1,630 kWh (1992)

Industries:

copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel,

wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles

Agriculture:

accounts for about 7% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); major

exporter of fruit, fish, and timber products; major crops - wheat,

corn, grapes, beans, sugar beets, potatoes, deciduous fruit; livestock

products - beef, poultry, wool; self-sufficient in most foods; 1991

fish catch of 6.6 million metric tons; net agricultural importer

Illicit drugs:

a minor transshipment country for cocaine destined for the US and

Europe

Economic aid:

recipient:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $521 million; Western

(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–89), $1.6

billion; Communist countries (1970–89), $386 million

Currency:

1 Chilean peso (Ch$) = 100 centavos

Exchange rates:

Chilean pesos (Ch$) per US$1 - 430.57 (January 1994), 404.35 (1993),

362.59 (1992), 349.37 (1991), 305.06 (1990), 267.16 (1989)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

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