Читать книгу The 1993 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 16

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*Cameroon, Economy

Currency:

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Exchange rates:

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January

1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85

(1988)

Fiscal year:

1 July - 30 June

*Cameroon, Communications

Railroads:

1,003 km total; 858 km 1.000-meter gauge, 145 km 0.600-meter gauge

Highways:

about 65,000 km total; includes 2,682 km paved, 32,318 km gravel and

improved earth, and 30,000 km of unimproved earth

Inland waterways:

2,090 km; of decreasing importance

Ports: Douala

Merchant marine:

2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 24,122 GRT/33,509 DWT

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

good system of open wire, cable, troposcatter, and microwave radio relay;

26,000 telephones, 2 telephones per 1,000 persons, available only to

business and government; broadcast stations - 11 AM, 11 FM, 1 TV; 2 Atlantic

Ocean INTELSAT earth stations

*Cameroon, Defense Forces

Branches:

Army, Navy (including Naval Infantry), Air Force, National Gendarmerie,

Presidential Guard

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 2,844,280; fit for military service 1,432,563; reach

military age (18) annually 125,453 (1993 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $219 million, less than 2% of GDP (1990 est.)

*Canada, Geography

Location:

Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and North Pacific

Ocean north of the US

Map references:

Arctic Region, North America, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

9,976,140 km2

land area:

9,220,970 km2

comparative area:

slightly larger than US

Land boundaries:

total 8,893 km, US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

Coastline:

243,791 km

Maritime claims: continental shelf:

200 m depth or to depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

maritime boundary disputes with the US; Saint Pierre and Miquelon is focus

of maritime boundary dispute between Canada and France

Climate:

varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north

Terrain:

mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast

Natural resources:

nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish, timber,

wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

35%

other:

57%

Irrigated land:

8,400 km2 (1989 est.)

Environment:

80% of population concentrated within 160 km of US border; continuous

permafrost in north a serious obstacle to development

Note:

second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between

Russia and US via north polar route

*Canada, People

Population:

27,769,993 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate:

1.28% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

14.48 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate:

7.35 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

5.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

7 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

77.98 years

male: 74.54 years

female:

81.6 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

1.84 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Canadian(s)

adjective:

Canadian

Ethnic divisions:

British Isles origin 40%, French origin 27%, other European 20%, indigenous

Indian and Eskimo 1.5%

Religions:

Roman Catholic 46%, United Church 16%, Anglican 10%, other 28%

Languages:

English (official), French (official)

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1981)

total population:

99%

male:

NA%

female:

NA%

Labor force:

13.38 million

by occupation:

services 75%, manufacturing 14%, agriculture 4%, construction 3%, other 4%

(1988)

*Canada, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

none

conventional short form:

Canada

Digraph:

Type:

confederation with parliamentary democracy

Capital:

Ottawa

Administrative divisions:

10 provinces and 2 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New, Brunswick,

Newfoundland, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Ontario,, Prince Edward Island, Quebec,

Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory*, Independence:

1 July 1867 (from UK)

Constitution:

amended British North America Act 1867 patriated to Canada 17 April 1982;

charter of rights and unwritten customs

Legal system: based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based

on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with

reservations

National holiday:

Canada Day, 1 July (1867)

Political parties and leaders:

Progressive Conservative Party, Brian MULRONEY; Liberal Party, Jean

CHRETIEN; New Democratic Party, Audrey McLAUGHLIN; Reform Party, Preston

MANNING; Bloc Quebecois, Lucien BOUCHARD

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Elections:

House of Commons:

last held 21 November 1988 (next to be held by November 1993); results -

Progressive Conservative Party 43%, Liberal Party 32%, New Democratic Party

20%, other 5%; seats - (295 total) Progressive Conservative Party 159,

Liberal Party 80, New Democratic Party 44, Bloc Quebecois 9, independents 3

Executive branch:

British monarch, governor general, prime minister, deputy prime minister,

Cabinet

Legislative branch:

bicameral Parliament (Parlement) consists of an upper house or Senate

(Senat) and a lower house or House of Commons (Chambre des Communes)

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court

Leaders:

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General

Raymond John HNATYSHYN (since 29 January 1990)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Kim CAMBELL was chosen to replace Brian MULRONEY on 13 June

1993

*Canada, Government

Member of:

ACCT, AfDB, AG (observer), APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB

(non-regional), COCOM, CP, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESA (cooperating state),

FAO, G-7, G-8, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA,

IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU,

LORCS, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, ONUSAL,

PCA, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM,

UNOMOZ, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UNTAC, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WIPO, WTO, ZC

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador John DE CHASTELAIN

chancery:

501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001

telephone:

(202) 682-1740

FAX:

(202) 682-7726

consulates general:

Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles,

Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Seattle

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador-designate Governor James J. BLANCHARD

embassy:

100 Wellington Street, K1P 5T1, Ottawa

mailing address:

P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669-0430

telephone:

(613) 238-5335 or (613) 238-4470

FAX:

(613) 238-5720

consulates general:

Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, and Vancouver

Flag:

three vertical bands of red (hoist side), white (double width, square), and

red with a red maple leaf centered in the white band

*Canada, Economy

Overview:

As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely resembles

the US in per capita output, market-oriented economic system, and pattern of

production. Since World War II the impressive growth of the manufacturing,

mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural

economy into one primarily industrial and urban. In the 1980s, Canada

registered one of the highest rates of real growth among the OECD nations,

averaging about 3.2%. With its great natural resources, skilled labor force,

and modern capital plant, Canada has excellent economic prospects. However,

the continuing constitutional impasse between English- and French-speaking

areas has observers discussing a possible split in the confederation; foregn

investors have become edgy.

National product:

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $537.1 billion (1992)

National product real growth rate:

0.9% (1992)

National product per capita:

$19,600 (1992)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

1.5% (1992)

Unemployment rate:

11.5% (December 1992)

Budget:

revenues $111.8 billion; expenditures $138.3 billion, including capital

expenditures of $NA (FY90 est.)

Exports:

$124.0 billion (f.o.b., 1991)

commodities:

newsprint, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, machinery, natural gas,

aluminum, motor vehicles and parts; telecommunications equipment

partners:

US, Japan, UK, Germany, South Korea, Netherlands, China

Imports:

$118 billion (c.i.f., 1991)

commodities:

crude oil, chemicals, motor vehicles and parts, durable consumer goods,

electronic computers; telecommunications equipment and parts

partners:

US, Japan, UK, Germany, France, Mexico, Taiwan, South Korea

External debt:

$247 billion (1987)

Industrial production:

growth rate 1% (1992); accounts for 34% of GDP

Electricity:

109,340,000 kW capacity; 493,000 million kWh produced, 17,900 kWh per capita

(1992)

Industries:

processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products,

transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products, petroleum and natural

gas

Agriculture:

accounts for about 3% of GDP; one of the world's major producers and

exporters of grain (wheat and barley); key source of US agricultural

imports; large forest resources cover 35% of total land area; commercial

fisheries provide annual catch of 1.5 million metric tons, of which 75% is

exported

*Canada, Economy

Illicit drugs:

illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market; use of

hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of

high-quality marijuana indoors; growing role as a transit point for heroin

and cocaine entering the US market

Economic aid:

donor - ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $7.2 billion

Currency:

1 Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents

Exchange rates:

Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1 - 1.2776 (January 1993), 1.2087 (1992),

1.1457 (1991), 1.1668 (1990), 1.1840 (1989), 1.2307 (1988)

Fiscal year:

1 April - 31 March

*Canada, Communications

Railroads:

146,444 km total; two major transcontinental freight railway systems -

Canadian National (government owned) and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger

service - VIA (government operated); 158 km is electrified

Highways:

884,272 km total; 712,936 km surfaced (250,023 km paved), 171,336 km earth

Inland waterways:

3,000 km, including Saint Lawrence Seaway

Pipelines:

crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km

Ports:

Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick), Saint John's

(Newfoundland), Toronto, Vancouver

Merchant marine:

63 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 454,582 GRT/646,329 DWT; includes 1

passenger, 3 short-sea passenger, 2 passenger-cargo, 8 cargo, 2 railcar

carrier, 1 refrigerated cargo, 7 roll-on/roll-off, 1 container, 24 oil

tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 1 specialized tanker, 9 bulk; note - does not

include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes

Airports:

total:

1,420

useable:

1,142

with permanent-surface runways:

457

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

330

Telecommunications:

excellent service provided by modern media; 18.0 million telephones;

broadcast stations - 900 AM, 29 FM, 53 (1,400 repeaters) TV; 5 coaxial

submarine cables; over 300 earth stations operating in INTELSAT (including 4

Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) and domestic systems

*Canada, Defense Forces

Branches:

Canadian Armed Forces (including Land Forces Command, Maritime Command, Air

Command, Communications Command, Training Command), Royal Canadian Mounted

Police (RCMP)

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 7,444,767; fit for military service 6,440,927; reach

military age (17) annually 191,884 (1993 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $11.3 billion, 2% of GDP (FY92/93)

*Cape Verde, Geography

Location:

in the southeastern North Atlantic Ocean, 500 km west of Senegal in Western

Africa

Map references:

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

4,030 km2

land area:

4,030 km2 comparative area:

slightly larger than Rhode Island

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

965 km

Maritime claims:

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

none

Climate:

temperate; warm, dry, summer; precipitation very erratic

Terrain:

steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic

Natural resources:

salt, basalt rock, pozzolana, limestone, kaolin, fish

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

other:

85%

Irrigated land:

20 km2 (1989 est.)

Environment:

subject to prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility;

volcanically and seismically active; deforestation; overgrazing

Note:

strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south

sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air

refueling site

*Cape Verde, People

Population:

410,535 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate:

3.03% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

47.02 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate:

9.43 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

-7.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 59.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

62.18 years

male:

60.3 years

female:

64.15 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

6.41 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Cape Verdean(s)

adjective:

Cape Verdean

Ethnic divisions:

Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%

Religions:

Roman Catholicism fused with indigenous beliefs

Languages:

Portuguese, Crioulo, a blend of Portuguese and West African words

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1989)

total population:

66%

male:

female:

Labor force:

102,000 (1985 est.)

by occupation:

agriculture (mostly subsistence) 57%, services 29%, industry 14% (1981)

note:

51% of population of working age (1985)

*Cape Verde, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Republic of Cape Verde

conventional short form:

Cape Verde

local long form:

Republica de Cabo Verde

local short form:

Cabo Verde

Digraph:

Type:

republic

Capital:

Praia

Administrative divisions: 14 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Fogo,

Maio,

Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz,

Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal

Independence:

5 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Constitution:

7 September 1980; amended 12 February 1981, December 1988, and 28 September

1990 (legalized opposition parties)

Legal system:

National holiday:

Independence Day, 5 July (1975)

Political parties and leaders:

Movement for Democracy (MPD), Prime Minister Carlos VEIGA, founder and

chairman; African Party for Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), Pedro Verona

Rodrigues PIRES, chairman

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Elections:

People's National Assembly:

last held 13 January 1991 (next to be held January 1996); results - percent

of vote by party NA; seats - (79 total) MPD 56, PAICV 23; note - this

multiparty Assembly election ended 15 years of single-party rule

President:

last held 17 February 1991 (next to be held February 1996); results -

Antonio Monteiro MASCARENHAS (MPD) received 72.6% of vote

Executive branch:

president, prime minister, deputy minister, secretaries of state, Council of

Ministers (cabinet)

Legislative branch:

unicameral People's National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional Popular)

Judicial branch:

Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justia)

Leaders:

Chief of State:

President Antonio Monteiro MASCARENHAS (since 22 March 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho VEIGA (since 13 January

1991)

*Cape Verde, Government

Member of:

ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF,

IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOM (observer), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN (Cape

Verde assumed a nonpermanent seat on the Security Council on 1 January

1992), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Carlos Alberto Santos SILVA

chancery:

3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:

(202) 965-6820 consulate general:

Boston

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Joseph SEGARS

embassy:

Rua Hoji Ya Henda 81, Praia

mailing address:

C. P. 201, Praia

telephone:

[238] 61-56-16 or 61-56-17

FAX:

[238] 61-13-55

Flag:

a new flag of unknown description reportedly has been adopted; previous flag

consisted of two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a

vertical red band on the hoist side; in the upper portion of the red band is

a black five-pointed star framed by two corn stalks and a yellow clam shell;

uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of

Guinea-Bissau, which is longer and has an unadorned black star centered in

the red band

*Cape Verde, Economy

Overview:

Cape Verde's low per capita GDP reflects a poor natural resource base, a

serious, long-term drought, and a high birthrate. The economy is service

oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for 60%

of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas,

agriculture's share of GDP is only 16%; the fishing sector accounts for 4%.

About 90% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster

and tuna, is not fully exploited. In 1988 fishing represented only 3.5% of

GDP. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by remittances

from emigrants and foreign aid. Economic reforms launched by the new

democratic government in February 1991 are aimed at developing the private

sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy.

National product:

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $310 million (1990 est.)

National product real growth rate:

4% (1990 est.)

National product per capita:

$800 (1990 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

8.7% (1991 est.)

Unemployment rate:

25% (1988)

Budget:

revenues $104 million; expenditures $133 million, including capital

expenditures of $72 million (1991 est.)

Exports:

$5.7 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.)

commodities:

fish, bananas, hides and skins

partners: Portugal 40%, Algeria 31%, Angola, Netherlands (1990 est.)

Imports:

$120 million (c.i.f., 1990 est.)

commodities:

foodstuffs, consumer goods, industrial products, transport equipment

partners:

Sweden 33%, Spain 11%, Germany 5%, Portugal 3%, France 3%, Netherlands, US

(1990 est.)

External debt:

$156 million (1991)

Industrial production:

growth rate 18% (1988 est.); accounts for 4% of GDP

Electricity:

15,000 kW capacity; 15 million kWh produced, 40 kWh per capita (1991)

Industries:

fish processing, salt mining, clothing factories, ship repair, construction

materials, food and beverage production

Agriculture:

accounts for 20% of GDP (including fishing); largely subsistence farming;

bananas are the only export crop; other crops - corn, beans, sweet potatoes,

coffee; growth potential of agricultural sector limited by poor soils and

scanty rainfall; annual food imports required; fish catch provides for both

domestic consumption and small exports

Economic aid:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY75-90), $93 million; Western (non-US)

countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $586 million; OPEC

bilateral aid (1979-89), $12 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $36

million

*Cape Verde, Economy

Currency:

1 Cape Verdean escudo (CVEsc) = 100 centavos

Exchange rates:

Cape Verdean escudos (CVEsc) per US$1 - 75.47 (January 1993), 73.10 (1992),

71.41 (1991), 64.10 (November 1990), 74.86 (December 1989), 72.01 (1988)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

*Cape Verde, Communications

Ports:

Mindelo, Praia

Merchant marine:

7 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,717 GRT/19,000 DWT

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

6 with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

interisland microwave radio relay system, high-frequency radio to Senegal

and Guinea-Bissau; over 1,700 telephones; broadcast stations - 1 AM, 6 FM, 1

TV; 2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

*Cape Verde, Defense Forces

Branches:

People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARP) (including Army and Navy),

Security Service

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 75,431; fit for military service 44,358 (1993 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP

*Cayman Islands, Header

Affiliation: (dependent territory of the UK)

*Cayman Islands, Geography

Location:

in the northwestern Caribbean Sea, nearly halfway between Cuba and Honduras

Map references:

Central America and the Caribbean

Area:

total area:

260 km2

land area:

260 km2

comparative area:

slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

160 km

Maritime claims:

exclusive fishing zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

3 nm

International disputes:

none

Climate:

tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively

dry winters (November to April)

Terrain:

low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs

Natural resources:

fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

23%

other:

69%

Irrigated land:

NA km2

Environment:

within the Caribbean hurricane belt

Note:

important location between Cuba and Central America

*Cayman Islands, People

Population:

30,440 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate:

4.35% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

15.32 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate:

4.98 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

33.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

77.1 years

male:

75.37 years

female:

78.81 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

1.48 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Caymanian(s)

adjective:

Caymanian

Ethnic divisions: mixed 40%, white 20%, black 20%, expatriates of various ethnic groups 20%

Religions:

United Church (Presbyterian and Congregational), Anglican, Baptist, Roman

Catholic, Church of God, other Protestant denominations

Languages:

English

Literacy:

age 15 and over having ever attended school (1970)

total population:

98%

male:

98%

female:

98%

Labor force:

8,061

by occupation:

service workers 18.7%, clerical 18.6%, construction 12.5%, finance and

investment 6.7%, directors and business managers 5.9% (1979)

*Cayman Islands, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

none

conventional short form:

Cayman Islands

Digraph:

Type:

dependent territory of the UK

Capital:

George Town

Administrative divisions:

8 districts; Creek, Eastern, Midland, South Town, Spot Bay, Stake Bay, West

End, Western

Independence:

none (dependent territory of the UK)

Constitution:

1959, revised 1972

Legal system:

British common law and local statutes

National holiday:

Constitution Day (first Monday in July)

Political parties and leaders:

no formal political parties

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Elections:

Legislative Assembly:

last held November 1992 (next to be held November 1996); results - percent

of vote by party NA; seats - (15 total, 12 elected)

Executive branch:

British monarch, governor, Executive Council (cabinet)

Legislative branch:

unicameral Legislative Assembly

Judicial branch:

Grand Court, Cayman Islands Court of Appeal

Leaders:

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)

Head of Government:

Governor and President of the Executive Council Michael GORE (since NA May

1992)

Member of:

CARICOM (observer), CDB, INTERPOL (subbureau), IOC

Diplomatic representation in US:

as a dependent territory of the UK, Caymanian interests in the US are

represented by the UK

Flag:

blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the

Caymanian coat of arms on a white disk centered on the outer half of the

flag; the coat of arms includes a pineapple and turtle above a shield with

three stars (representing the three islands) and a scroll at the bottom

bearing the motto HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE SEAS

*Cayman Islands, Economy

Overview:

The economy depends heavily on tourism (70% of GDP and 75% of export

earnings) and offshore financial services, with the tourist industry aimed

at the luxury market and catering mainly to visitors from North America.

About 90% of the islands' food and consumer goods needs must be imported.

The Caymanians enjoy one of the highest standards of living in the region.

National product:

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $670 million (1991 est.)

National product real growth rate:

4.4% (1991)

National product per capita:

$23,000 (1991 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

8% (1990 est.)

Unemployment rate:

7% (1992)

Budget:

revenues $141.5 million; expenditures $160.7 million, including capital

expenditures of $NA (1991)

Exports:

$1.5 million (f.o.b., 1987 est.)

commodities:

turtle products, manufactured consumer goods

partners:

mostly US

Imports:

$136 million (c.i.f., 1987 est.)

commodities:

foodstuffs, manufactured goods

partners: US, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, Netherlands Antilles, Japan

External debt:

$15 million (1986)

Industrial production:

growth rate NA%

Electricity:

74,000 kW capacity; 256 million kWh produced, 8,780 kWh per capita (1992)

Industries:

tourism, banking, insurance and finance, construction, building materials,

furniture making

Agriculture:

minor production of vegetables, fruit, livestock; turtle farming

Economic aid:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $26.7 million; Western (non-US)

countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $35 million

Currency:

1 Caymanian dollar (CI$) = 100 cents

Exchange rates:

Caymanian dollars (CI$) per US$1 - 1.20 (fixed rate)

Fiscal year:

1 April - 31 March

*Cayman Islands, Communications

Highways:

160 km of main roads

Ports:

George Town, Cayman Brac

Merchant marine:

29 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 307,738 GRT/468,659 DWT; includes 1

passenger-cargo, 8 cargo, 8 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 oil tanker, 2 chemical

tanker, 1 liquefied gas carrier, 4 bulk, 2 combination bulk; note - a flag

of convenience registry

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

35,000 telephones; telephone system uses 1 submarine coaxial cable and 1

Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station to link islands and access

international services; broadcast stations - 2 AM, 1 FM, no TV

*Cayman Islands, Defense Forces

Branches:

Royal Cayman Islands Police Force (RCIPF)

Note:

defense is the responsibility of the UK

*Central African Republic, Geography

Location:

Central Africa, between Chad and Zaire

Map references:

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

622,980 km2

land area:

622,980 km2

comparative area:

slightly smaller than Texas

Land boundaries:

total 5,203 km, Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Congo 467 km, Sudan 1,165

km, Zaire 1,577 km

Coastline:

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:

none; landlocked

International disputes:

none

Climate:

tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers

Terrain:

vast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau; scattered hills in northeast and

southwest

Natural resources:

diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

64%

other:

28%

Irrigated land:

NA km2

Environment:

hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; poaching has

diminished reputation as one of last great wildlife refuges; desertification

Note:

landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa

*Central African Republic, People

Population:

3,073,979 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.23% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

42.77 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate:

20.49 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

138.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

42.94 years

male:

41.46 years

female:

44.45 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

5.47 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Central African(s)

adjective:

Central African

Ethnic divisions:

Baya 34%, Banda 27%, Sara 10%, Mandjia 21%, Mboum 4%, M'Baka 4%, Europeans

6,500 (including 3,600 French)

Religions:

indigenous beliefs 24%, Protestant 25%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 15%,

other 11%

note:

animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority

Languages:

French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), Arabic,

Hunsa, Swahili

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1990)

total population:

27%

male:

33%

female:

15%

Labor force:

775,413 (1986 est.)

by occupation:

agriculture 85%, commerce and services 9%, industry 3%, government 3%

note:

about 64,000 salaried workers; 55% of population of working age (1985)

*Central African Republic, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Central African Republic

conventional short form:

none

local long form:

Republique Centrafricaine

local short form:

none

former:

Central African Empire

Abbreviation:

CAR

Digraph:

Type:

republic; one-party presidential regime since 1986

Capital:

Bangui

Administrative divisions:

14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture), 2 economic prefectures*, (prefectures

economiques, singular - prefecture economique), and 1

commune**; Bamingui-Bangoran, Bangui** Basse-Kotto, Gribingui*, Haute-Kotto,, Haute-Sangha,

Haut-Mbomou, Kemo-Gribingui, Lobaye, Mbomou, Nana-Mambere,

Ombella-Mpoko, Ouaka, Ouham, Ouham-Pende, Sangha*, Vakaga, Independence:

13 August 1960 (from France)

Constitution:

21 November 1986

Legal system:

based on French law

National holiday:

National Day, 1 December (1958) (proclamation of the republic)

Political parties and leaders:

Central African Democratic Party (RDC), the government party, Laurent

GOMINA-PAMPALI; Council of Moderates Coalition includes; Union of the People

for Economic and Social Development (UPDS), Katossy SIMANI; Liberal

Republican Party (PARELI), Augustin M'BOE; Central African Socialist

Movement (MSCA), Michel BENGUE; Concerted Democratic Forces (CFD), a

coalition of 13 parties, including; Alliance for Democracy and Progress

(ADP), Francois PEHOUA; Central African Republican party (PRC), Ruth

ROLLAND; Social Democratic Party (PSD), Enoch DERANT-LAKOUE; Civic Forum

(FC), Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA; Liberal Democratic Party (PLD), Nestor

KOMBOT-NAGUEMON

Suffrage:

21 years of age; universal

Elections:

President:

last held 25 October 1992; widespread irregularities at some polls led to

dismissal of results by Supreme Court; elections are rescheduled for 17

October 1993

National Assembly: last held 25 October 1992; widespread irregularities at some polls led to

dismissal of results by Supreme Court; elections are rescheduled for 17

October 1993

Executive branch:

president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

*Central African Republic, Government

Legislative branch:

unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale) advised by the Economic

and Regional Council (Conseil Economique et Regional); when they sit

together this is known as the Congress (Congres)

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Leaders:

Chief of State:

President Andre-Dieudonne KOLINGBA (since 1 September 1981)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Enoch DERANT-LAKOUE (since 2 March 1993)

Member of:

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO,

ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM,

OAU, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Jean-Pierre SOHAHONG-KOMBET

chancery:

1618 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

(202) 483-7800 or 7801

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Robert E. GRIBBIN

embassy:

Avenue David Dacko, Bangui

mailing address:

B. P. 924, Bangui

telephone:

[236] 61-02-00, 61-25-78, 61-43-33, 61-02-10

FAX:

[236] 61-44-94

Flag:

four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow with a

vertical red band in center; there is a yellow five-pointed star on the

hoist side of the blue band

*Central African Republic, Economy

Overview:

Subsistence agriculture, including forestry, is the backbone of the CAR

economy, with more than 70% of the population living in the countryside. In

1988 the agricultural sector generated about 40% of GDP. Agricultural

products accounted for about 60% of export earnings and the diamond industry

for 30%. Important constraints to economic development include the CAR's

landlocked position, a poor transportation system, and a weak human resource

base. Multilateral and bilateral development assistance, particularly from

France, plays a major role in providing capital for new investment.

National product:

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $1.3 billion (1990 est.)

National product real growth rate:

-3% (1990 est.)

National product per capita:

$440 (1990 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

-3% (1990 est.)

Unemployment rate:

30% (1988 est.) in Bangui

Budget:

revenues $175 million; expenditures $312 million, including capital

expenditures of $122 million (1991 est.)

Exports:

$138 million (1991 est.)

commodities:

diamonds, cotton, coffee, timber, tobacco

partners:

France, Belgium, Italy, Japan, US

Imports:

$205 million (1991 est.)

commodities:

food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor

vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, industrial products

partners:

France, other EC countries, Japan, Algeria

External debt:

$859 million (1991)

Industrial production:

growth rate 4% (1990 est.); accounts for 14% of GDP

Electricity:

40,000 kW capacity; 95 million kWh produced, 30 kWh per capita (1991)

Industries:

diamond mining, sawmills, breweries, textiles, footwear, assembly of

bicycles and motorcycles

Agriculture:

accounts for 40% of GDP; self-sufficient in food production except for

grain; commercial crops - cotton, coffee, tobacco, timber; food crops -

manioc, yams, millet, corn, bananas

Economic aid:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $52 million; Western (non-US)

countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $1.6 billion; OPEC

bilateral aid (1979-89), $6 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $38

million

Currency:

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Exchange rates:

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January

1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85

(1988)

*Central African Republic, Economy

Fiscal year:

calendar year

*Central African Republic, Communications

Highways:

22,000 km total; 458 km bituminous, 10,542 km improved earth, 11,000

unimproved earth

Inland waterways:

800 km; traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft dugouts;

Oubangui is the most important river

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

fair system; network relies primarily on radio relay links, with

low-capacity, low-powered radiocommunication also used; broadcast stations -

1 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

*Central African Republic, Defense Forces

Branches:

Central African Army (including Republican Guard), Air Force, National

Gendarmerie, Police Force

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 685,575; fit for military service 358,836 (1993 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $23 million, 1.8% of GDP (1989 est.)

*Chad, Geography

Location:

Central Africa, between the Central African Republic and Libya

Map references:

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area: total area:

1.284 million km2

land area:

1,259,200 km2

comparative area:

slightly more than three times the size of California

Land boundaries:

total 5,968 km, Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya

1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km

Coastline:

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:

none; landlocked

International disputes:

Libya claims and occupies the 100,000 km2 Aozou Strip in the far north;

demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which has

led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification

by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria

Climate:

tropical in south, desert in north

Terrain:

broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest,

lowlands in south

Natural resources:

petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin,

fish (Lake Chad)

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

36%

forest and woodland:

11%

other:

51%

Irrigated land:

100 km2 (1989 est.)

Environment:

hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; drought and desertification

adversely affecting south; subject to plagues of locusts

Note:

landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel

*Chad, People

Population:

5,350,971 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.13% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

42.21 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 20.93 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

134 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

40.41 years

male:

39.36 years

female:

41.5 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

5.33 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Chadian(s)

adjective:

Chadian

Ethnic divisions:

north and center:

Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi,

Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba)

south:

non-Muslims (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa)

nonindigenous 150,000, of whom 1,000 are French

Religions:

Muslim 44%, Christian 33%, indigenous beliefs, animism 23%

Languages:

French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), Sango (in south),

more than 100 different languages and dialects are spoken

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic (1990)

total population:

30%

male:

42%

female:

18%

Labor force:

by occupation:

agriculture 85% (engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and

fishing)

*Chad, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Republic of Chad

conventional short form:

Chad

local long form:

Republique du Tchad local short form:

Tchad

Digraph:

Type:

republic

Capital:

N'Djamena

Administrative divisions:

14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine,

Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental,

Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile

Independence:

11 August 1960 (from France)

Constitution:

22 December 1989, suspended 3 December 1990; Provisional National Charter 1

March 1991; national conference drafting new constitution to submit to

referendum January 1993

Legal system:

based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted

compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday:

11 August

Political parties and leaders:

Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS; former dissident group), Idriss DEBY,

chairman

note:

President DEBY has promised political pluralism, a new constitution, and

free elections by September 1993; numerous dissident groups; 26 opposition

political parties

Other political or pressure groups:

Suffrage:

universal at age NA

Elections:

National Consultative Council:

last held 8 July 1990; disbanded 3 December 1990

President:

last held 10 December 1989 (next to be held NA); results - President Hissein

HABRE was elected without opposition; note - the government of then

President HABRE fell on 1 December 1990, and Idriss DEBY seized power on 3

December 1990; national conference opened 15 January 1993; election to

follow by end of year

Executive branch:

president, Council of State (cabinet)

Legislative branch:

unicameral National Consultative Council (Conseil National Consultatif) was

disbanded 3 December 1990 and replaced by the Provisional Council of the

Republic, with 30 members appointed by President DEBY on 8 March 1991

Judicial branch:

Court of Appeal

*Chad, Government

Leaders:

Chief of State:

Col. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Joseph YODOYMAN (since NA August 1992)

Member of:

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU,

IDA, IDB, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU,

OIC, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Kombaria Loumaye MEKONYO

chancery:

2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:

(202) 462-4009

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Richard W. BOGOSIAN

embassy:

Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena

mailing address:

B. P. 413, N'Djamena

telephone:

[235] (51) 62-18, 40-09, or 51-62-11

FAX:

[235] 51-33-72

Flag:

three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to

the flag of Romania; also similar to the flag of Andorra, which has a

national coat of arms featuring a quartered shield centered in the yellow

band; design was based on the flag of France

*Chad, Economy

Overview:

The climate, geographic location, and lack of infrastructure and natural

resources make Chad one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world.

Its economy is burdened by the ravages of civil war, conflict with Libya,

drought, and food shortages. In 1986 real GDP returned to its 1977 level,

with cotton, the major cash crop, accounting for 48% of exports. Over 80% of

the work force is employed in subsistence farming and fishing. Industry is

based almost entirely on the processing of agricultural products, including

cotton, sugarcane, and cattle. Chad is highly dependent on foreign aid, with

its economy in trouble and many regions suffering from shortages. Oil

companies are exploring areas north of Lake Chad and in the Doba basin in

the south. Good crop weather led to 8.4% growth in 1991.

National product:

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $1.1 billion (1991 est.)

National product real growth rate:

8.4% (1991 est.)

National product per capita:

$215 (1991 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2%-3% (1991 est.)

Unemployment rate:

NA%

Budget:

revenues $115 million; expenditures $412 million, including capital

expenditures of $218 million (1991 est.)

Exports:

$193.9 million (f.o.b., 1991)

commodities:

cotton 48%, cattle 35%, textiles 5%, fish

partners:

France, Nigeria, Cameroon

Imports:

$294.1 million (f.o.b., 1991)

commodities:

machinery and transportation equipment 39%, industrial goods 20%, petroleum

products 13%, foodstuffs 9%; note - excludes military equipment

partners:

US, France, Nigeria, Cameroon

External debt:

$492 million (December 1990 est.)

Industrial production:

growth rate 12.9% (1989 est.); accounts for nearly 15% of GDP

Electricity:

40,000 kW capacity; 70 million kWh produced, 15 kWh per capita (1991)

Industries:

cotton textile mills, slaughterhouses, brewery, natron (sodium carbonate),

soap, cigarettes

Agriculture:

accounts for about 45% of GDP; largely subsistence farming; cotton most

important cash crop; food crops include sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice,

potatoes, manioc; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, camels; self-sufficient

in food in years of adequate rainfall

Economic aid:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $198 million; Western (non-US)

countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.5 billion; OPEC

bilateral aid (1979-89), $28 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $80

million

Currency:

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

*Chad, Economy

Exchange rates:

Communaute Financiere Africaine Francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January

1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85

(1988)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

*Chad, Communications

Highways:

31,322 km total; 32 km bituminous; 7,300 km gravel and laterite; remainder

unimproved earth

Inland waterways:

2,000 km navigable

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

fair system of radiocommunication stations for intercity links; broadcast

stations - 6 AM, 1 FM, limited TV service; many facilities are inoperative;

1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

*Chad, Defense Forces

Branches:

Army (includes Ground Forces, Air Force, and Gendarmerie), Republican Guard

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 1,246,617; fit for military service 647,908; reach military

age (20) annually 52,870 (1993 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $58 million, 5.6% of GDP (1989)

*Chile, Geography

Location:

Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean between Argentina

and Peru

Map references:

South America, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

756,950 km2

land area:

748,800 km2

comparative area:

slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana

note:

includes Isla de Pascua (Easter Island) and Isla Sala y Gomez

Land boundaries:

total 6,171 km, Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km

Coastline: 6,435 km

Maritime claims:

contiguous zone:

24 nm

continental shelf:

200 nm

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

short section of the southern boundary with Argentina is indefinite; Bolivia

has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama

area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Bolivia over Rio Lauca water

rights; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory)

partially overlaps Argentine and British claims

Climate:

temperate; desert in north; cool and damp in south

Terrain:

low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east

Natural resources:

copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

16%

forest and woodland:

21%

other:

56%

Irrigated land:

12,650 km2 (1989 est.)

Environment:

subject to severe earthquakes, active volcanism, tsunami; Atacama Desert one

of world's driest regions; desertification

Note:

strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

(Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage)

*Chile, People

Population:

13,739,759 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate:

1.54% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

20.9 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate:

5.55 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

15.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

74.15 years

male:

71.16 years

female:

77.29 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

2.51 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Chilean(s)

adjective:

Chilean

Ethnic divisions:

European and European-Indian 95%, Indian 3%, other 2%

Religions:

Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, Jewish

Languages:

Spanish

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1990)

total population:

93%

male:

94%

female:

93%

Labor force:

4.728 million

by occupation:

services 38.3% (includes government 12%), industry and commerce 33.8%,

agriculture, forestry, and fishing 19.2%, mining 2.3%, construction 6.4%

(1990)

*Chile, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Republic of Chile

conventional short form:

Chile

local long form:

Republica de Chile

local short form:

Chile

Digraph:

Type:

republic

Capital:

Santiago

Administrative divisions:

13 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez

del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Atacama, Bio-Bio, Coquimbo, Libertador

General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena,

Maule, Region Metropolitana, Tarapaca, Valparaiso

note:

the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica

Independence:

18 September 1810 (from Spain)

Constitution:

11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 30 July 1989

Legal system:

based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes

influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts

in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday:

Independence Day, 18 September (1810)

Political parties and leaders:

Concertation of Parties for Democracy consists mainly of four parties: PDC,

PPD, PR, PS; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Eduardo FREI Ruiz-Tagle;

Party for Democracy (PPD), Sergio BITAR; Radical Party (PR), Carlos GONZALEZ

Marquez; Sociaistl Party (PS), German CORREA; Independent Democratic Union

(UDI), Jovino NOVOA; National Renovation (RN), Andree ALLAMAND;

Center-Center Union (UCC), Francisco Juner ERRAZURIZ; Communist Party of

Chile (PCCh), Volodia TEITELBOIM; Allende Leftist Democratic Movement

(MIDA), Mario PALESTRO

Other political or pressure groups:

revitalized university student federations at all major universities

dominated by opposition political groups; labor - United Labor Central (CUT)

includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor

confederations; Roman Catholic Church

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Elections:

Chamber of Deputies:

last held 14 December 1989 (next to be held December 1993); results -

percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) Concertation of Parties for

Democracy 71 (PDC 38, PPD 17, PR 5, other 11), RN 29, UDI 11, right-wing

independents 9

President:

last held 14 December 1989 (next to be held December 1993); results -

Patricio AYLWIN (PDC) 55.2%, Hernan BUCHI 29.4%, other 15.4%

*Chile, Government

Senate:

last held 14 December 1989 (next to be held December 1993); results -

percent of vote by party NA; seats - (46 total, 38 elected) Concertation of

Parties for Democracy 22 (PDC 13, PPD 5, PR 2, PSD 1, PRSD 1), RN 6, UDI 2,

right-wing independents 8

Executive branch:

president, Cabinet

Legislative branch:

bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional) consisting of an upper house

or Senate (Senado) and a lower house or Chamber of Deputies (Camara de

Diputados)

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)

Leaders:

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Patricio AYLWIN Azocar (since 11 March 1990)

Member of:

CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD,

IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES,

LAIA, LORCS, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM,

UNMOGIP, UNTAC, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Patricio SILVA Echenique

chancery:

1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:

(202) 785-1746

consulates general:

Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, and San Francisco

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Curtis W. KAMMAN

embassy:

Codina Building, 1343 Agustinas, Santiago

mailing address:

APO AA 34033

telephone:

[56] (2) 671-0133

FAX:

[56] (2) 699-1141

Flag:

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square

the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band;

the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center; design was based

on the US flag

*Chile, Economy

Overview:

The government of President AYLWIN, which took power in 1990, retained the

economic policies of PINOCHET, although the share of spending for social

welfare has risen steadily. In 1991 growth in GDP recovered to 6% (led by

consumer spending) after only 2% growth in 1990. The pace accelerated in

1992 as the result of strong investment and export growth, and GDP rose

10.4%. Nonetheless, inflation fell further, to 12.7%, compared with 27.3% in

1990 and 18.7% in 1991. The buoyant economy spurred a 25% growth in imports,

and the trade surplus fell in 1992, although international reserves

increased. Inflationary pressures are not expected to ease much in 1993, and

economic growth is likely to approach 7%.

National product:

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $34.7 billion (1992 est.)

National product real growth rate: 10.4% (1992)

National product per capita:

$2,550 (1992)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

12.7% (1992)

Unemployment rate:

4.9% (1992)

Budget:

revenues $10.9 billion; expenditures $10.9 billion, including capital

expenditures of $1.2 billion (1993)

Exports:

$10 billion (f.o.b., 1992)

commodities:

copper 41%, other metals and minerals 8.7%, wood products 7.1%, fish and

fishmeal 9.8%, fruits 8.4% (1991)

partners:

EC 32%, US 18%, Japan 18%, Brazil 5% (1991)

Imports:

$9.2 billion (f.o.b., 1992)

commodities:

capital goods 25.2%, spare parts 24.8%, raw materials 15.4%, petroleum 10%,

foodstuffs 5.7%

partners:

US 21%, EC 18%, Brazil 9%, Japan 8% (1991)

External debt:

$16.9 billion (year end 1991)

Industrial production:

growth rate 14.56% (1992); accounts for 34% of GDP

Electricity:

5,769,000 kW capacity; 22,010 million kWh produced, 1,630 kWh per capita

(1992)

Industries:

copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood

and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles

Agriculture:

accounts for about 9% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); major

exporter of fruit, fish, and timber products; major crops - wheat, corn,

grapes, beans, sugar beets, potatoes, deciduous fruit; livestock products -

beef, poultry, wool; self-sufficient in most foods; 1991 fish catch of 6.6

million metric tons; net agricultural importer

Economic aid:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $521 million; Western (non-US)

countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.6 billion;

Communist countries (1970-89), $386 million

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