Читать книгу The 1993 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 18

Оглавление

*Congo, Economy

Currency:

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Exchange rates:

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January

1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85

(1988)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

*Congo, Communications

Railroads:

797 km, 1.067-meter gauge, single track (includes 285 km that are privately

owned)

Highways:

11,960 km total; 560 km paved; 850 km gravel and laterite; 5,350 km improved

earth; 5,200 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways:

the Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) Rivers provide 1,120 km of commercially

navigable water transport; the rest are used for local traffic only

Pipelines:

crude oil 25 km

Ports:

Pointe-Noire (ocean port), Brazzaville (river port)

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

services adequate for government use; primary network is composed of radio

relay routes and coaxial cables; key centers are Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire,

and Loubomo; 18,100 telephones; broadcast stations - 4 AM, 1 FM, 4 TV; 1

Atlantic Ocean satellite earth station

*Congo, Defense Forces

Branches:

Army, Navy (including Marines), Air Force, National Police

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 534,802; fit for military service 272,051; reach military

age (20) annually 24,190 (1993 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP

*Cook Islands, Header

Affiliation: (free association with New Zealand)

*Cook Islands, Geography

Location:

Oceania, 4,500 km south of Hawaii in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway

between Hawaii and New Zealand

Map references:

Oceania

Area:

total area:

240 km2

land area:

240 km2

comparative area:

slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

120 km

Maritime claims:

continental shelf:

200 nm or the edge of continental margin

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

none

Climate:

tropical; moderated by trade winds

Terrain:

low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south

Natural resources:

negligible

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

22%

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland: 0%

other:

74%

Irrigated land:

NA km2

Environment:

subject to typhoons from November to March

*Cook Islands, People

Population:

18,903 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate:

1.18% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

23.4 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate:

5.2 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

-6.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

24.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

71.14 years

male:

69.2 years

female:

73.1 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

3.32 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Cook Islander(s)

adjective:

Cook Islander

Ethnic divisions:

Polynesian (full blood) 81.3%, Polynesian and European 7.7%, Polynesian and

other 7.7%, European 2.4%, other 0.9%

Religions:

Christian (majority of populace members of Cook Islands Christian Church)

Languages:

English (official), Maori

Literacy:

total population:

NA%

male:

NA%

female:

NA%

Labor force:

5,810

by occupation:

agriculture 29%, government 27%, services 25%, industry 15%, other 4% (1981)

*Cook Islands, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

none

conventional short form:

Cook Islands

Digraph:

Type:

self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New

Zealand; Cook Islands is fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand

retains responsibility for external affairs, in consultation with the Cook

Islands

Capital:

Avarua

Administrative divisions:

none

Independence:

none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August

1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by

unilateral action)

Constitution:

4 August 1965

Legal system:

National holiday:

Constitution Day, 4 August

Political parties and leaders:

Cook Islands Party, Geoffrey HENRY; Democratic Tumu Party, Vincent INGRAM;

Democratic Party, Terepai MAOATE; Cook Islands Labor Party, Rena JONASSEN;

Cook Islands People's Party, Sadaraka SADARAKA

Suffrage:

universal adult at age NA

Elections:

Parliament:

last held 19 January 1989 (next to be held by January 1994); results -

percent of vote by party NA; seats - (24 total) Cook Islands Party 12,

Democratic Tumu Party 2, opposition coalition (including Democratic Party)

9, independent 1

Executive branch:

British monarch, representative of the UK, representative of New Zealand,

prime minister, deputy prime minister, Cabinet

Legislative branch:

unicameral Parliament; note - the House of Arikis (chiefs) advises on

traditional matters, but has no legislative powers

Judicial branch:

High Court

Leaders:

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Representative of the UK Sir

Tangaroa TANGAROA (since NA); Representative of New Zealand Adrian SINCOCK

(since NA) Head of Government:

Prime Minister Geoffrey HENRY (since 1 February 1989); Deputy Prime Minister

Inatio AKARURU (since NA February 1989)

Member of:

AsDB, ESCAP (associate), ICAO, IOC, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO

Diplomatic representation in US:

none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand)

*Cook Islands, Government

US diplomatic representation:

none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand)

Flag:

blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large

circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for every island) centered in the

outer half of the flag

*Cook Islands, Economy

Overview:

Agriculture provides the economic base. The major export earners are fruit,

copra, and clothing. Manufacturing activities are limited to a

fruit-processing plant and several clothing factories. Economic development

is hindered by the isolation of the islands from foreign markets and a lack

of natural resources and good transportation links. A large trade deficit is

annually made up for by remittances from emigrants and from foreign aid.

Current economic development plans call for exploiting the tourism potential

and expanding the fishing industry.

National product:

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $40 million (1988 est.)

National product real growth rate:

5.3% (1986-88 est.)

National product per capita:

$2,200 (1988 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

8% (1988)

Unemployment rate:

NA%

Budget:

revenues $33.8 million; expenditures $34.4 million, including capital

expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)

Exports:

$4.0 million (f.o.b., 1988)

commodities:

copra, fresh and canned fruit, clothing

partners:

NZ 80%, Japan

Imports:

$38.7 million (c.i.f., 1988)

commodities:

foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber

partners: NZ 49%, Japan, Australia, US

External debt:

$NA

Industrial production:

growth rate NA%

Electricity:

14,000 kW capacity; 21 million kWh produced, 1,170 kWh per capita (1990)

Industries:

fruit processing, tourism

Agriculture:

export crops - copra, citrus fruits, pineapples, tomatoes, bananas;

subsistence crops - yams, taro

Economic aid:

Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89),

$128 million

Currency:

1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Exchange rates:

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.9490 (January 1993), 1.8584 (1992),

1.7266 (1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989), 1.5244 (1988)

Fiscal year:

1 April - 31 March

*Cook Islands, Communications

Highways:

187 km total (1980); 35 km paved, 35 km gravel, 84 km improved earth, 33 km

unimproved earth

Ports:

Avatiu

Merchant marine:

1 cargo ship (1,000 or over) totaling 1,464 GRT/2,181 DWT

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

broadcast stations - 1 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV; 11,000 radio receivers; 17,000 TV

receivers (1989); 2,052 telephones; 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT earth station

*Cook Islands, Defense Forces

Note: defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

*Coral Sea Islands, Header

Affiliation: (territory of Australia)

*Coral Sea Islands, Geography

Location:

Oceania, just off the northeast coast of Australia in the Coral Sea

Map references:

Oceania

Area:

total area:

less than 3 km2

land area:

less than 3 km2

comparative area:

note:

includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about

1 million km2, with Willis Islets the most important

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

3,095 km

Maritime claims:

exclusive fishing zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

3 nm

International disputes:

none

Climate:

tropical

Terrain:

sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays)

Natural resources:

negligible

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

other:

100% (mostly grass or scrub cover)

Irrigated land: 0 km2

Environment:

subject to occasional tropical cyclones; no permanent fresh water; important

nesting area for birds and turtles

*Coral Sea Islands, People

Population: no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are 3 meteorologists

*Coral Sea Islands, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Coral Sea Islands Territory

conventional short form:

Coral Sea Islands

Digraph:

Type:

territory of Australia administered by the Ministry for Arts, Sport, the

Environment, Tourism, and Territories

Capital:

none; administered from Canberra, Australia

Independence:

none (territory of Australia)

Flag:

the flag of Australia is used

*Coral Sea Islands, Economy

Overview: no economic activity

*Coral Sea Islands, Communications

Ports: none; offshore anchorages only

*Coral Sea Islands, Defense Forces

Note:

defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal

Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors

*Costa Rica, Geography

Location:

Central America, between Nicaragua and Panama

Map references:

Central America and the Caribbean, South America

Area:

total area:

51,100 km2

land area:

50,660 km2

comparative area:

slightly smaller than West Virginia

note:

includes Isla del Coco

Land boundaries:

total 639 km, Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km

Coastline:

1,290 km

Maritime claims:

continental shelf:

200 nm

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

none

Climate:

tropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November)

Terrain:

coastal plains separated by rugged mountains

Natural resources:

hydropower potential

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

45%

forest and woodland:

34%

other:

Irrigated land:

1,180 km2 (1989 est.)

Environment:

subject to occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent

flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season; active volcanoes;

deforestation; soil erosion

*Costa Rica, People

Population:

3,264,776 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.38% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

26.07 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate:

3.57 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

1.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

11.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

77.49 years

male:

75.56 years

female:

79.52 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

3.11 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Costa Rican(s)

adjective:

Costa Rican

Ethnic divisions:

white (including mestizo) 96%, black 2%, Indian 1%, Chinese 1%

Religions:

Roman Catholic 95%

Languages:

Spanish (official), English; spoken around Puerto Limon

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1990)

total population:

93%

male:

93%

female:

93%

Labor force:

868,300

by occupation:

industry and commerce 35.1%, government and services 33%, agriculture 27%,

other 4.9% (1985 est.)

*Costa Rica, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Republic of Costa Rica

conventional short form:

Costa Rica local long form:

Republica de Costa Rica

local short form:

Costa Rica

Digraph:

Type:

democratic republic

Capital:

San Jose

Administrative divisions:

7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Alajuela, Cartago,

Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose

Independence:

15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Constitution:

9 November 1949

Legal system:

based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in

the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday:

Independence Day, 15 September (1821)

Political parties and leaders:

National Liberation Party (PLN), Carlos Manuel CASTILLO Morales; Social

Christian Unity Party (PUSC), Rafael Angel CALDERON Fournier; Marxist

Popular Vanguard Party (PVP), Humberto VARGAS Carbonell; New Republic

Movement (MNR), Sergio Erick ARDON Ramirez; Progressive Party (PP), Isaac

Felipe AZOFEIFA Bolanos; People's Party of Costa Rica (PPC), Lenin CHACON

Vargas; Radical Democratic Party (PRD), Juan Jose ECHEVERRIA Brealey

Other political or pressure groups:

Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers (CCTD; Liberation Party

affiliate); Confederated Union of Workers (CUT; Communist Party affiliate);

Authentic Confederation of Democratic Workers (CATD; Communist Party

affiliate); Chamber of Coffee Growers; National Association for Economic

Development (ANFE); Free Costa Rica Movement (MCRL; rightwing militants);

National Association of Educators (ANDE)

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Elections:

Legislative Assembly:

last held 4 February 1990 (next to be held February 1994); results - percent

of vote by party NA; seats - (57 total) PUSC 29, PLN 25, PVP/PPC 1, regional

parties 2

President:

last held 4 February 1990 (next to be held February 1994); results - Rafael

Angel CALDERON Fournier 51%, Carlos Manuel CASTILLO 47%

Executive branch:

president, two vice presidents, Cabinet

Legislative branch:

unicameral Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa)

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)

*Costa Rica, Government

Leaders:

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Rafael Angel CALDERON Fournier (since 8 May 1990); First Vice

President German SERRANO Pinto (since 8 May 1990); Second Vice President

Arnoldo LOPEZ Echandi (since 8 May 1990)

Member of:

AG (observer), BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,

ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU,

LAES, LAIA (observer), LORCS, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD,

UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Gonzalo FACIO Segreda

chancery:

Suite 211, 1825 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:

(202) 234-2945 through 2947

consulates general:

Albuquerque, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Diego,

San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)

consulate:

Buffalo

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Luis GUINOT, Jr.

embassy:

Pavas Road, San Jose

mailing address:

APO AA 34020

telephone:

[506] 20-39-39

FAX:

(506) 20-2305

Flag:

five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and

blue, with the coat of arms in a white disk on the hoist side of the red

band

*Costa Rica, Economy

Overview:

In 1992 the economy grew at an estimated 5.4%, up from the 2.5% gain of 1991

and the gain of 1990. Increases in agricultural production (on the strength

of good coffee and banana crops) and in nontraditional exports are

responsible for much of the growth. In 1992 consumer prices rose by 17%,

below the 27% of 1991. The trade deficit of $100 million was substantially

below the 1991 deficit of $270 million. Unemployment is officially reported

at 4.0%, but much underemployment remains. External debt, on a per capita

basis, is among the world's highest.

National product:

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $6.4 billion (1992 est.)

National product real growth rate:

5.4% (1992 est.)

National product per capita:

$2,000 (1992 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

17% (1992 est.)

Unemployment rate:

4% (1992)

Budget:

revenues $1.1 billion; expenditures $1.34 billion, including capital

expenditures of $110 million (1991 est.)

Exports:

$1.7 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)

commodities:

coffee, bananas, textiles, sugar

partners:

US 75%, Germany, Guatemala, Netherlands, UK, Japan

Imports:

$1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.)

commodities:

raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum

partners:

US 45%, Japan, Guatemala, Germany

External debt:

$3.2 billion (1991)

Industrial production:

growth rate 1.0% (1991); accounts for 19% of GDP

Electricity:

927,000 kW capacity; 3,612 million kWh produced, 1,130 kWh per capita (1992)

Industries:

food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer,

plastic products

Agriculture:

accounts for 17% of GDP and 70% of exports; cash commodities - coffee, beef,

bananas, sugar; other food crops include corn, rice, beans, potatoes;

normally self-sufficient in food except for grain; depletion of forest

resources resulting in lower timber output

Illicit drugs:

illicit production of cannabis on small scattered plots; transshipment

country for cocaine from South America

Economic aid:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.4 billion; Western (non-US)

countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $935 million;

Communist countries (1971-89), $27 million

Currency:

1 Costa Rican colon (C) = 100 centimos

*Costa Rica, Economy

Exchange rates:

Costa Rican colones (C) per US$1 - 137.72 (January 1993), 134.51 (1992),

122.43 (1991), 91.58 (1990), 81.504 (1989), 75.805 (1988)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

*Costa Rica, Communications

Railroads:

950 km total, all 1.067-meter gauge; 260 km electrified

Highways:

15,400 km total; 7,030 km paved, 7,010 km gravel, 1,360 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways:

about 730 km, seasonally navigable

Pipelines:

petroleum products 176 km

Ports:

Puerto Limon, Caldera, Golfito, Moin, Puntarenas

Merchant marine:

1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,878 GRT/4,506 DWT

Airports:

total:

162

usable:

144

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

very good domestic telephone service; 292,000 telephones; connection into

Central American Microwave System; broadcast stations - 71 AM, no FM, 18 TV,

13 shortwave; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

*Costa Rica, Defense Forces

Branches:

Civil Guard, Rural Assistance Guard

note:

constitution prohibits armed forces

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 851,713; fit for military service 573,854; reach military

age (18) annually 31,987 (1993 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $22 million, 0.5% of GDP (1989)

*Cote d'Ivoire, Header

Affiliation: (also known as Ivory Coast)

*Cote d'Ivoire, Geography

Location:

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean between Ghana and Liberia

Map references:

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

322,460 km2

land area:

318,000 km2

comparative area:

slightly larger than New Mexico

Land boundaries:

total 3,110 km, Burkina 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km, Liberia 716 km,

Mali 532 km

Coastline:

515 km

Maritime claims:

continental shelf:

200 m depth

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

none

Climate:

tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry

(November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to

October)

Terrain:

mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest

Natural resources:

petroleum, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

26%

other:

52%

Irrigated land:

620 km2 (1989 est.)

Environment:

coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; severe deforestation

*Cote d'Ivoire, People

Population: 13,808,447 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate:

3.5% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

46.88 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate:

15.07 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

3.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

97 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

48.97 years

male:

46.98 years

female:

51.03 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

6.73 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Ivorian(s)

adjective:

Ivorian

Ethnic divisions:

Baoule 23%, Bete 18%, Senoufou 15%, Malinke 11%, Agni, foreign Africans

(mostly Burkinabe about 2 million), non-Africans 130,000 to 330,000 (French

30,000 and Lebanese 100,000 to 300,000)

Religions:

indigenous 63%, Muslim 25%, Christian 12%

Languages:

French (official), 60 native dialects Dioula is the most widely spoken

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1990)

total population:

54%

male:

67%

female:

40%

Labor force:

5.718 million

by occupation:

over 85% of population engaged in agriculture, forestry, livestock raising;

about 11% of labor force are wage earners, nearly half in agriculture and

the remainder in government, industry, commerce, and professions

note:

54% of population of working age (1985)

*Cote d'Ivoire, Government

Names:

conventional long form: Republic of Cote d'Ivoire

conventional short form:

Cote d'Ivoire

local long form:

Republique de Cote d'Ivoire

local short form:

Cote d'Ivoire

former:

Ivory Coast

Digraph:

Type:

republic multiparty presidential regime established 1960

Capital:

Yamoussoukro

note:

although Yamoussoukro has been the capital since 1983, Adibjan remains the

administrative center; foreign governments, including the United States,

maintain presence in Abidjan

Administrative divisions:

49 departments (departements, singular - (departement); Abengourou, Abidjan,

Aboisso, Adzope, Agboville, Bangolo, Beoumi, Biankouma, Bondoukou,

Bongouanou, Bouafle, Bouake, Bouna, Boundiali, Dabakala, Daloa, Danane,

Daoukro, Dimbokro, Divo, Duekoue, Ferkessedougou, Gagnoa, Grand-Lahou,

Guiglo, Issia, Katiola, Korhogo, Lakota, Man, Mankono, Mbahiakro, Odienne,

Oume, Sakassou, San-Pedro, Sassandra, Seguela, Sinfra, Soubre, Tabou, Tanda,

Tingrela, Tiassale, Touba, Toumodi, Vavoua, Yamoussoukro, Zuenoula

Independence:

7 August 1960 (from France)

Constitution:

3 November 1960

Legal system:

based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review in the

Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ

jurisdiction

National holiday:

National Day, 7 December

Political parties and leaders:

Democratic Party of the Cote d'Ivoire (PDCI), Dr. Felix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY;

Ivorian Popular Front (FPI), Laurent GBAGBO; Ivorian Worker's Party (PIT),

Francis WODIE; Ivorian Socialist Party (PSI), Morifere BAMBA; over 20

smaller parties

Suffrage:

21 years of age; universal

Elections:

President:

last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held October 1995); results -

President Felix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY received 81% of the vote in his first

contested election; he is currently serving his seventh consecutive

five-year term

National Assembly:

last held 25 November 1990 (next to be held November 1995); results -

percent of vote by party NA; seats - (175 total) PDCI 163, FPI 9, PIT 1,

independents 2

Executive branch:

president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

*Cote d'Ivoire, Government

Legislative branch:

unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Leaders:

Chief of State:

President Dr. Felix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY (since 27 November 1960)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Alassane OUATTARA (since 7 November 1990)

Member of:

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, GATT,

IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL,

IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL,

WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Charles GOMIS

chancery:

2424 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

(202) 797-0300

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Hume A. HORAN

embassy:

5 Rue Jesse Owens, Abidjan

mailing address:

01 B. P. 1712, Abidjan

telephone:

[225] 21-09-79 or 21-46-72

FAX:

[225] 22-32-59

Flag:

three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; similar

to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green

(hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is

green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France

*Cote d'Ivoire, Economy

Overview:

Cote d'Ivoire is among the world's largest producers and exporters of

coffee, cocoa beans, and palm-kernel oil. Consequently, the economy is

highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for coffee and

cocoa and to weather conditions. Despite attempts by the government to

diversify, the economy is still largely dependent on agriculture and related

industries. The agricultural sector accounts for over one-third of GDP and

about 80% of export earnings and employs about 85% of the labor force. A

collapse of world cocoa and coffee prices in 1986 threw the economy into a

recession, from which the country had not recovered by 1990. Continuing low

prices for commodity exports, an overvalued exchange rate, a bloated

public-sector wage bill, and a large foreign debt hindered economic recovery

in 1991. The government, which has sponsored various economic reform

programs, especially in agriculture, projected an increase of 1.6% in GNP in

1992.

National product:

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $10 billion (1991)

National product real growth rate:

-0.6% (1991)

National product per capita:

$800 (1991)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

1% (1991 est.)

Unemployment rate:

14% (1985)

Budget:

revenues $2.3 billion; expenditures $3.6 billion, including capital

expenditures of $274 million (1990 est.)

Exports:

$2.8 billion (f.o.b., 1990)

commodities:

cocoa 30%, coffee 20%, tropical woods 11%, petroleum, cotton, bananas,

pineapples, palm oil, cotton

partners:

France, FRG, Netherlands, US, Belgium, Spain (1985)

Imports:

$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1990)

commodities:

food, capital goods, consumer goods, fuel

partners:

France 29%, other EC 29%, Nigeria 16%, US 4%, Japan 3% (1989)

External debt:

$15 billion (1990 est.)

Industrial production:

growth rate 6% (1990); accounts for 11% of GDP

Electricity:

1,210,000 kW capacity; 1,970 million kWh produced, 150 kWh per capita (1991)

Industries:

foodstuffs, wood processing, oil refinery, automobile assembly, textiles,

fertilizer, beverage

Agriculture:

most important sector, contributing one-third to GDP and 80% to exports;

cash crops include coffee, cocoa beans, timber, bananas, palm kernels,

rubber; food crops - corn, rice, manioc, sweet potatoes; not self-sufficient

in bread grain and dairy products

Illicit drugs:

illicit producer of cannabis; mostly for local consumption; some

international drug trade; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to

Europe

*Cote d'Ivoire, Economy

Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $356 million; Western (non-US)

countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $5.2 billion

Currency:

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Exchange rates:

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January

1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85

(1988)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

*Cote d'Ivoire, Communications

Railroads:

660 km (Burkina border to Abidjan, 1.00-meter gauge, single track, except 25

km Abidjan-Anyama section is double track)

Highways:

46,600 km total; 3,600 km paved; 32,000 km gravel, crushed stone, laterite,

and improved earth; 11,000 km unimproved

Inland waterways:

980 km navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal lagoons

Ports:

Abidjan, San-Pedro

Merchant marine:

7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 71,945 GRT/ 90,684 DWT; includes 1 oil

tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 3 container, 2 roll-on/roll-off

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

well-developed by African standards but operating well below capacity;

consists of open-wire lines and radio relay microwave links; 87,700

telephones; broadcast stations - 3 AM, 17 FM, 13 TV, 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1

Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station; 2 coaxial submarine cables

*Cote d'Ivoire, Defense Forces

Branches:

Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, Military

Fire Group

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 3,131,016; fit for military service 1,624,401; reach

military age (18) annually 145,827 (1993 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $200 million, 2.3% of GDP (1988)

*Croatia, Geography

Location:

Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula, bordering the Adriatic Sea,

between Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina

Map references:

Africa, Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the

World

Area:

total area:

56,538 km2

land area:

56,410 km2

comparative area:

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Land boundaries:

total 1,843 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina (east) 751 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina

(southeast) 91 km, Hungary 292 km, Serbia and Montenegro 254 km (239 km with

Serbia; 15 km with Montenego), Slovenia 455 km

Coastline:

5,790 km (mainland 1,778 km, islands 4,012 km)

Maritime claims:

continental shelf:

200 m depth or to depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:

12 nm

exclusive fishing zone:

12 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

Serbian enclaves in eastern Croatia and along the western Bosnia and

Herzegovinian border; dispute with Slovenia over fishing rights in Adriatic

Climate:

Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot

summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

Terrain:

geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains

and highlands near Adriatic coast, coastline, and islands

Natural resources:

oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt,

silica, mica, clays, salt

Land use:

arable land:

32%

permanent crops:

20%

meadows and pastures:

18%

forest and woodland: 15%

other:

15%

Irrigated land:

NA km2

Environment:

air pollution from metallurgical plants; damaged forest; coastal pollution

from industrial and domestic waste; subject to frequent and destructive

earthquakes

*Croatia, Geography

Note:

controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish

Straits

*Croatia, People

Population:

4,694,398 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate:

0.07% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

11.38 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate:

10.73 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

9 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

73.19 years

male:

69.7 years

female:

76.89 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

1.66 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Croat(s)

adjective:

Croatian

Ethnic divisions:

Croat 78%, Serb 12%, Muslim 0.9%, Hungarian 0.5%, Slovenian 0.5%, others

8.1%

Religions:

Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Slavic Muslim 1.2%, Protestant 1.4%, others

and unknown 9.8%

Languages:

Serbo-Croatian 96%, other 4%

Literacy:

total population:

NA%

male:

NA%

female:

NA%

Labor force:

1,509,489

by occupation:

industry and mining 37%, agriculture 16% (1981 est.), government NA%, other

*Croatia, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Republic of Croatia

conventional short form:

Croatia

local long form:

Republika Hrvatska

local short form:

Hrvatska

Digraph:

Type:

parliamentary democracy

Capital:

Zagreb

Administrative divisions:

100 districts (opcine, singular - opcina) Beli Manastir, Biograd (Biograd Na

Moru), Bielovar, Bjelovar, Brac, Buje, Buzet, Cabar, Cakovec, Cazma, Cres

Losinj, Crikvenica, Daruvar, Delnice, Djakovo (Dakovo), Donja Stubica, Donji

Lapac, Dordevac, Drnis, Dubrovnik, Duga Resa, Dugo Selo, Dvor, Garesnica,

Glina, Gospic, Gracac, Grubisno Polje, Hvar, Imotski, Ivanec, Ivanic-Grad,

Jastrebarsko, Karlovac, Klanjec, Knin, Koprivnica, Korcula, Kostajnica,

Krapina, Krizevci, Krk, Kutina, Labin, Lastovo, Ludbreg, Makarska, Metkovic,

Nova Gradiska, Novi Marof, Novska, Obrovac, Ogulin, Omis, Opatija,

Orahovica, Osijek, Otocac, Ozalj, Pag, Pazin, Petrinja, Ploce (Kardeljevo),

Podravska Slatina, Porec, Pregrada, Pukrac, Pula, Rab, Rijeka, Rovinj,

Samobor (part of Zagreb), Senj, Sesvete, Sibenik, Sinj, Sisak, Slavonska

Pozega, Slavonski Brod, Slunj, Split (Solin, Kastela), Titova Korenica,

Trogir, Valpovo, Varazdin, Vinkovci, Virovitica, Vukovar, Vis, Vojnic,

Vrborsko, Vrbovec, Vrgin-Most, Vrgorac, Zabok, Zadar, Zagreb (Grad Zagreb),

Zelina (Sveti Ivan Zelina), Zlatar Bistrica, Zupanja

Independence:

NA June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Constitution:

adopted on 2 December 1991

Legal system:

based on civil law system

National holiday:

Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)

Political parties and leaders: Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), Stjepan MESIC, chairman of the

executive

council; Croatian People's Party (HNS), Savka DABCEVIC-KUCAR, president;

Croatian Christian Democratic Party (HKDS), Ivan CESAR, president; Croatian

Party of Rights, Dobroslav PARAGA; Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS),

Drazen BUDISA, president; Croatian Peasant Party (HSS), leader NA; Istrian

Democratic Assembly (IDS), leader NA; Social-Democratic Party (SDP), leader

NA; Croatian National Party (PNS), leader NA

Other political or pressure groups:

Suffrage:

16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal

Elections:

President:

last held 4 August 1992 (next to be held NA); Franjo TUDJMAN reelected with

about 56% of the vote; Dobroslav PARAGA 5%

House of Parishes:

last held 7 February 1993 (next to be held NA February 1997); seats - (68

total; 63 elected, 5 presidentially appointed) HDZ 37, HSLS 16, HSS 5, IDS

3, SDP 1, PNS 1

*Croatia, Government

Chamber of Deputies:

last held NA August 1992 (next to be held NA August 1996); seats - (138

total) 87 HDZ

Executive branch:

president, prime minister, deputy prime ministers, cabinet

Legislative branch:

bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or House of Parishes

(Zupanije Dom) and a lower house or Chamber of Deputies (Predstavnicke Dom)

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court, Constitutional Court

Leaders:

Chief of State:

President Franjo TUDJMAN (since 30 May 1990)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Nikica VALENTIC (since NA April 1993); Deputy Prime Ministers

Mate GRANIC, Vladimir SEKS, Borislav SKEGRO (since NA)

Member of:

CEI, CSCE, ECE, ICAO, IMO, IOM (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU,

WHO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Peter A. SARCEVIC

chancery:

2356 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:

(202) 543-5586

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

(vacant)

embassy:

Andrije Hebranga 2, Zagreb

mailing address: AMEMB Unit 25402, APO AE 09213-5080

telephone:

[38] (41) 444-800

FAX:

[38] (41) 440-235

Flag:

red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and

white checkered)

*Croatia, Economy

Overview:

Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the republic of Croatia, after

Slovenia, was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita

output roughly comparable to that of Portugal and perhaps one-third above

the Yugoslav average. Croatian Serb Nationalists control approximately one

third of the Croatian territory, and one of the overriding determinants of

Croatia's long-term political and economic prospects will be the resolution

of this territorial dispute. Croatia faces monumental problems stemming

from: the legacy of longtime Communist mismanagement of the economy; large

foreign debt; damage during the fighting to bridges, factories, powerlines,

buildings, and houses; the large refugee population, both Croatian and

Bosnian; and the disruption of economic ties to Serbia and the other former

Yugoslav republics, as well as within its own territory. At the minimum,

extensive Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil

industries, would seem necessary to salvage a desperate economic situation.

However, peace and political stability must come first. As of June 1993,

fighting continues among Croats, Serbs, and Muslims, and national boundaries

and final political arrangements are still in doubt.

National product:

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $26.3 billion (1991 est.)

National product real growth rate:

-25% (1991 est.)

National product per capita:

$5,600 (1991 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

50% (monthly rate, December 1992)

Unemployment rate:

20% (December 1991 est.)

Budget:

revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exports:

$2.9 billion (1990)

commodities:

machinery and transport equipment 30%, other manufacturers 37%, chemicals

11%, food and live animals 9%, raw materials 6.5%, fuels and lubricants 5%

partners:

principally the other former Yugoslav republics

Imports:

$4.4 billion (1990)

commodities:

machinery and transport equipment 21%, fuels and lubricants 19%, food and

live animals 16%, chemicals 14%, manufactured goods 13%, miscellaneous

manufactured articles 9%, raw materials 6.5%, beverages and tobacco 1%

partners:

principally other former Yugoslav republics

External debt:

$2.6 billion (will assume some part of foreign debt of former Yugoslavia)

Industrial production:

growth rate -29% (1991 est.)

Electricity:

3,570,000 kW capacity; 11,500 million kWh produced, 2,400 kWh per capita

(1992)

Industries:

chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig

iron and rolled steel products, aluminum reduction, paper, wood products

(including furniture), building materials (including cement), textiles,

shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food processing and

beverages

*Croatia, Economy

Agriculture:

Croatia normally produces a food surplus; most agricultural land in private

hands and concentrated in Croat-majority districts in Slavonia and Istria;

much of Slavonia's land has been put out of production by fighting; wheat,

corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, alfalfa, and clover are main crops in

Slavonia; central Croatian highlands are less fertile but support cereal

production, orchards, vineyards, livestock breeding, and dairy farming;

coastal areas and offshore islands grow olives, citrus fruits, and

vegetables

Economic aid:

$NA

Currency:

1 Croatian dinar (CD) = 100 paras

Exchange rates:

Croatian dinar per US $1 - 60.00 (April 1992)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

*Croatia, Communications

Railroads:

2,592 km of standard guage (1.435 m) of which 864 km are electrified (1992);

note - disrupted by territorial dispute

Highways:

32,071 km total; 23,305 km paved, 8,439 km gravel, 327 km earth (1990); note

- key highways note disrupted because of territorial dispute

Inland waterways:

785 km perennially navigable

Pipelines:

crude oil 670 km, petroleum products 20 km, natural gas 310 km (1992); note

- now disrupted because of territorial dispute

Ports:

coastal - Rijeka, Split, Kardeljevo (Ploce); inland - Vukovar, Osijek,

Sisak, Vinkovci

Merchant marine:

18 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 77,074 GRT/93,052 DWT; includes 4

cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off, 10 passenger ferries, 2 bulk, 1 oil tanker; note

- also controlled by Croatian shipowners are 198 ships (1,000 GRT or over)

under flags of convenience - primarily Malta and St. Vincent - totaling

2,602,678 GRT/4,070,852 DWT; includes 89 cargo, 9 roll-on/ roll-off, 6

refrigerated cargo, 14 container, 3 multifunction large load carriers, 51

bulk, 5 passenger, 11 oil tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 6 service vessel

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

350,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 14 AM, 8 FM, 12 (2 repeaters) TV;

1,100,000 radios; 1,027,000 TVs; NA submarine coaxial cables; satellite

ground stations - none

*Croatia, Defense Forces

Branches:

Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 1,177,029; fit for military service 943,259; reach military

age (19) annually 32,873 (1993 est.)

Defense expenditures:

337-393 billion Croatian dinars, NA% of GDP (1993 est.); note - conversion

of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate

could produce misleading results

*Cuba, Geography

Location:

in the northern Caribbean Sea, 145 km south of Key West (Florida)

Map references:

Central America and the Caribbean, North America, Standard Time Zones of the

World

Area:

total area:

110,860 km2

land area:

110,860 km2

comparative area:

slightly smaller than Pennsylvania

Land boundaries:

total 29 km, US Naval Base at Guantanamo 29 km

note:

Guantanamo is leased and as such remains part of Cuba

Coastline:

3,735 km

Maritime claims:

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

US Naval Base at Guantanamo is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US

abandonment of the area can terminate the lease

Climate:

tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy

season (May to October)

Terrain:

mostly flat to rolling plains with rugged hills and mountains in the

southeast

Natural resources:

cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica, petroleum

Land use:

arable land:

23%

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

23%

forest and woodland:

17%

other:

31%

Irrigated land:

8,960 km2 (1989)

Environment:

averages one hurricane every other year

Note:

largest country in Caribbean

*Cuba, People

Population:

10,957,088 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate:

1% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

17.08 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate:

6.5 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

-0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

10.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

76.72 years

male:

74.59 years

female:

78.99 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

1.83 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Cuban(s)

adjective:

Cuban

Ethnic divisions:

mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%

Religions:

nominally Roman Catholic 85% prior to Castro assuming power

Languages:

Spanish

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1990)

total population:

94%

male:

95%

female:

93%

Labor force:

4,620,800 economically active population (1988); 3,578,800 in state sector

by occupation:

services and government 30%, industry 22%, agriculture 20%, commerce 11%,

construction 10%, transportation and communications 7% (June 1990)

*Cuba, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Republic of Cuba

conventional short form:

Cuba

local long form:

Republica de Cuba

local short form:

Cuba

Digraph:

Type:

Communist state

Capital:

Havana

Administrative divisions:

14 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality*, (municipio

especial); Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad de La

Habana, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las, Tunas, Matanzas,

Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa

Clara

Independence:

20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898

to 1902)

Constitution:

24 February 1976

Legal system:

based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal

theory; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday:

Rebellion Day, 26 July (1953)

Political parties and leaders:

only party - Cuban Communist Party (PCC), Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary

Suffrage:

16 years of age; universal

Elections:

National Assembly of People's Power:

last held December 1986 (next to be held February 1993); results - PCC is

the only party; seats - (510 total; after the February election, the

National Assembly will have 590 seats) indirectly elected from slates

approved by special candidacy commissions

Executive branch:

president of the Council of State, first vice president of the Council of

State, Council of State, president of the Council of Ministers, first vice

president of the Council of Ministers, Executive Committee of the Council of

Ministers, Council of Ministers

Legislative branch:

unicameral National Assembly of the People's Power (Asamblea Nacional del

Poder Popular)

Judicial branch:

People's Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo Popular)

Leaders:

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers

Fidel CASTRO Ruz (Prime Minister from February 1959 until 24 February 1976

when office was abolished; President since 2 December 1976); First Vice

President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of

Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976)

*Cuba, Government

Member of:

CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMO, INMARSAT, INTERPOL,

IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), LORCS, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal

participation since 1962), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU,

WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Principal Officer Alfonso FRAGA Perez (since August 1992)

chancery:

2630 and 2639 16th Street NW, US Interests Section, Swiss Embassy,

Washington, DC 20009 telephone:

(202) 797-8518 or 8519, 8520, 8609, 8610

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Principal Officer Alan H. FLANIGAN

US Interests Section:

USINT, Swiss Embassy, Calzada entre L Y M, Vedado Seccion, Havana

mailing address:

USINT, Swiss Embassy, Calzada Entre L Y M, Vedado, Havava

telephone:

32-0051, 32-0543

FAX:

no service available at this time

note:

protecting power in Cuba is Switzerland - US Interests Section, Swiss

Embassy

Flag:

five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white;

a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white

five-pointed star in the center

*Cuba, Economy

Overview:

Since Castro's takeover of Cuba in 1959, the economy has been run in the

Soviet style of government ownership of substantially all the means of

production and government planning of all but the smallest details of

economic activity. Thus, Cuba, like the former Warsaw Pact nations, has

remained in the backwater of economic modernization. The economy contracted

by about one-third between 1989 and 1992 as it absorbed the loss of $4

billion of annual economic aid from the former Soviet Union and much smaller

amounts from Eastern Europe. The government implemented numerous energy

conservation measures and import substitution schemes to cope with a large

decline in imports. To reduce fuel consumption, Havana has cut back bus

service and imported approximately 1 million bicycles from China,

domesticated nearly 200,000 oxen to replace tractors, and halted a large

amount of industrial production. The government has prioritized domestic

food production and promoted herbal medicines since 1990 to compensate for

lower imports. Havana also has been shifting its trade away from the former

Soviet republics and Eastern Europe toward the industrialized countries of

Latin America and the OECD.

National product:

GNP - exchange rate conversion - $14.9 billion (1992 est.)

National product real growth rate:

-15% (1992 est.)

National product per capita:

$1,370 (1992 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

NA%

Unemployment rate:

NA%

Budget:

revenues $12.46 billion; expenditures $14.45 billion, including capital

expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)

Exports:

$2.1 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)

commodities:

sugar, nickel, shellfish, tobacco, medical products, citrus, coffee

partners:

Russia 30%, Canada 10%, China 9%, Japan 6%, Spain 4% (1992 est.)

Imports:

$2.2 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.)

commodities:

petroleum, food, machinery, chemicals

partners:

Russia 10%, China 9%, Spain 9%, Mexico 5%, Italy 5%, Canada 4%, France 4%

(1992 est.)

External debt:

$6.8 billion (convertible currency, July 1989)

Industrial production:

Electricity:

3,889,000 kW capacity; 16,248 million kWh produced, 1,500 kWh per capita

(1992)

Industries:

sugar milling and refining, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing,

textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals (particularly nickel),

cement, fertilizers, consumer goods, agricultural machinery

*Cuba, Economy

Agriculture:

accounts for 11% of GNP (including fishing and forestry); key commercial

crops - sugarcane, tobacco, and citrus fruits; other products - coffee,

rice, potatoes, meat, beans; world's largest sugar exporter; not

self-sufficient in food (excluding sugar); sector hurt by growing shortages

of fuels and parts

Economic aid:

Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89),

$710 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $18.5 billion

Currency:

1 Cuban peso (Cu$) = 100 centavos

Exchange rates:

Cuban pesos (Cu$) per US$1 - 1.0000 (linked to the US dollar)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

*Cuba, Communications

Railroads:

12,947 km total; Cuban National Railways operates 5,053 km of 1.435-meter

gauge track; 151.7 km electrified; 7,742 km of sugar plantation lines of

0.914-m and 1.435-m gauge

Highways:

26,477 km total; 14,477 km paved, 12,000 km gravel and earth surfaced (1989

est.)

Inland waterways:

240 km

Ports:

Cienfuegos, Havana, Mariel, Matanzas, Santiago de Cuba; 7 secondary, 35

minor

Merchant marine:

73 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 511,522 GRT/720,270 DWT; includes 42

cargo, 10 refrigerated cargo, 1 cargo/training, 11 oil tanker, 1 chemical

tanker, 4 liquefied gas, 4 bulk; note - Cuba beneficially owns an additional

38 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 529,090 DWT under the registry of

Panama, Cyprus, and Malta

Airports:

total:

186

usable:

166

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

broadcast stations - 150 AM, 5 FM, 58 TV; 1,530,000 TVs; 2,140,000 radios;

229,000 telephones; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

*Cuba, Defense Forces

Branches:

Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR) - including Ground Forces, Revolutionary

Navy (MGR), Air and Air Defense Force (DAAFAR), Ministry of the Armed Forces

Special Troops, Border Guard Troops, Territorial Militia Troops (MTT), Youth

Labor Army (EJT)

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 3,087,255; females age 15-49 3,064,663; males fit for

military service 1,929,698; females fit for military service 1,910,733;

males reach military age (17) annually 90,409; females reach military age

(17) annually 87,274 (1993 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $1.2-1.4 billion; 10% of GNP in 1990 plan was for

defense and internal security

Note:

the breakup of the Soviet Union, the key military supporter and supplier of

Cuba, has resulted in substantially less outside help for Cuba's defense

forces

*Cyprus, Geography

Location:

in the eastern Mediterreanean Sea, 97 km west of Syria and 64 km west of

Turkey

Map references:

Africa, Middle East, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

9,250 km2

land area:

9,240 km2

comparative area:

about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

648 km

Maritime claims:

continental shelf:

200 m depth or to depth of exploitation

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

1974 hostilities divided the island into two de facto autonomous areas, a

Greek area controlled by the Cypriot Government (60% of the island's land

area) and a Turkish-Cypriot area (35% of the island) that are separated by a

narrow UN buffer zone; in addition, there are two UK sovereign base areas

(about 5% of the island's land area)

Climate:

temperate, Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters

Terrain:

central plain with mountains to north and south

Natural resources:

copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment

Land use:

arable land:

40%

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

10%

forest and woodland:

18%

other:

25%

Irrigated land:

350 km2 (1989)

Environment:

moderate earthquake activity; water resource problems (no natural reservoir

catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, and most potable resources

concentrated in the Turkish-Cypriot area)

*Cyprus, People

Population:

723,371 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate: 0.94% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

17.14 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate:

7.74 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

9.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

75.98 years

male:

73.75 years

female:

78.31 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

2.34 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Cypriot(s)

adjective:

Cypriot

Ethnic divisions:

Greek 78%, Turkish 18%, other 4%

Religions:

Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, Maronite, Armenian, Apostolic, and other 4%

Languages:

Greek, Turkish, English

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1987)

total population:

94%

male:

98%

female:

91%

Labor force:

Greek area:

282,000

by occupation:

services 57%, industry 29%, agriculture 14% (1991)

Turkish area:

72,000

by occupation:

services 57%, industry 22%, agriculture 21% (1991)

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