Читать книгу The 1993 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 9

Table of Contents

*Afghanistan, Geography

Location:

South Asia, between Iran and Pakistan

Map references:

Asia, Middle East, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

647,500 km2

land area:

647,500 km2

comparative area:

slightly smaller than Texas

Land boundaries:

total 5,529 km, China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan

1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km

Coastline:

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:

none; landlocked

International disputes:

periodic disputes with Iran over Helmand water rights; Iran supports clients

in country, private Pakistani and Saudi sources may also be active; power

struggles among various groups for control of Kabul, regional rivalries

among emerging warlords, traditional tribal disputes continue; support to

Islamic fighters in Tajikistan's civil war; border dispute with Pakistan

(Durand Line)

Climate:

arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers

Terrain:

mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest

Natural resources:

natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, talc, barites, sulphur, lead, zinc,

iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones

Land use:

arable land:

12%

permanent crops:

0%

meadows and pastures:

46%

forest and woodland:

3%

other:

39%

Irrigated land:

26,600 km2 (1989 est.)

Environment:

damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; soil degradation,

desertification, overgrazing, deforestation, pollution, flooding

Note:

landlocked

*Afghanistan, People

Population:

16,494,145 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.45% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

43.83 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate:

19.33 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

158.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

44.41 years

male:

45.09 years

female:

43.71 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

6.34 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Afghan(s)

adjective:

Afghan

Ethnic divisions:

Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups (Chahar

Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others)

Religions:

Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1%

Languages:

Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and

Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much

bilingualism

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1990)

total population:

29%

male:

44%

female:

14%

Labor force:

4.98 million

by occupation:

agriculture and animal husbandry 67.8%, industry 10.2%, construction 6.3%,

commerce 5.0%, services and other 10.7% (1980 est.)

*Afghanistan, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Islamic State of Afghanistan

conventional short form:

Afghanistan

former:

Republic of Afghanistan

Digraph:

AF

Type:

transitional government

Capital:

Kabul

Administrative divisions:

30 provinces (velayat, singular - velayat); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan,

Balkh, Bamian, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghowr, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabol,

Kandahar, Kapisa, Konar, Kondoz, Laghman, Lowgar, Nangarhar, Nimruz,

Oruzgan, Paktia, Paktika, Parvan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol, Takhar, Vardak, Zabol

note:

there may be a new province of Nurestan (Nuristan)

Independence:

19 August 1919 (from UK)

Constitution:

the old Communist-era constitution has been suspended; a new Islamic

constitution has yet to be ratified

Legal system:

a new legal system has not been adopted but the transitional government has

declared it will follow Islamic law (Shari'a)

National holiday:

Victory of the Muslim Nation, 28 April; Remembrance Day for Martyrs and

Disabled, 4 May; Independence Day, 19 August

Political parties and leaders:

current political organizations include Jamiat-i-Islami (Islamic Society),

Burhanuddin RABBANI, Ahmad Shah MASOOD; Hizbi Islami-Gulbuddin (Islamic

Party), Gulbuddin HIKMATYAR faction; Hizbi Islami-Khalis (Islamic Party)

Yunis KHALIS faction; Ittihad-i-Islami Barai Azadi Afghanistan (Islamic

Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan), Abdul Rasul SAYYAF;

Harakat-Inqilab-i-Islami (Islamic Revolutionary Movement), Mohammad Nabi

MOHAMMADI; Jabha-i-Najat-i-Milli Afghanistan (Afghanistan National

Liberation Front), Sibghatullah MOJADDEDI; Mahaz-i-Milli-Islami (National

Islamic Front), Sayed Ahamad GAILANI; Hizbi Wahdat (Islamic Unity Party),

Abdul Ali MAZARI; Harakat-i-Islami (Islamic Movement), Mohammed Asif

MOHSENI; a new northern organization consisting of resistance and former

regional figures is Jonbesh-i-Milli Islami (National Islamic Movement),

Rashid DOSTUM

note:

the former ruling Watan Party has been disbanded

Other political or pressure groups:

the former resistance commanders are the major power brokers in the

countryside; shuras (councils) of commanders are now administering most

cities outside Kabul; ulema (religious scholars); tribal elders

Suffrage:

undetermined; previously universal, male ages 15-50

Elections:

President: last held NA December 1992 (next to be held NA December 1994); results -

Burhanuddin RABBANI was elected to a two-year term by a national shura

*Afghanistan, Government

Executive branch:

president, prime minister; Afghan leaders are still in the process of

choosing a cabinet (May 1993)

Legislative branch:

a unicameral parliament consisting of 205 members was chosen by the shura in

January 1993; non-functioning as of June 1993

Judicial branch:

an interim Chief Justice of the Supreme Court has been appointed, but a new

court system has not yet been organized

Leaders:

Chief of State:

President Burhanuddin RABBANI (since 2 January 1993); First Vice President

Mohammad NABI Mohammadi (since NA); First Vice President Mohammad SHAH Fazli

(since NA)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister-designate Gulbaddin HIKMATYAR (since NA); Deputy Prime

Minister Sulayman GAILANI (since NA); Deputy Prime Minister Din MOHAMMAD

(since NA); Deputy Prime Minister Ahmad SHAH Ahmadzai (since NA)

Member of:

AsDB (has previously been a member of), CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA,

IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM,

OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Abdul RAHIM

chancery:

2341 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

(202) 234-3770 or 3771

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

(vacant)

embassy:

Ansari Wat, Wazir Akbar Khan Mina, Kabul

mailing address:

use embassy street address

telephone:

62230 through 62235 or 62436

note:

US Embassy in Kabul was closed in January 1989

Flag:

a new flag of unknown description reportedly has been adopted; previous flag

consisted of three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green,

with the national coat of arms superimposed on the hoist side of the black

and red bands; similar to the flag of Malawi, which is shorter and bears a

radiant, rising red sun centered in the black band

*Afghanistan, Economy

Overview:

Fundamentally, Afghanistan is an extremely poor, landlocked country, highly

dependent on farming (wheat especially) and livestock raising (sheep and

goats). Economic considerations have played second fiddle to political and

military upheavals during more than 13 years of war, including the nearly

10-year Soviet military occupation (which ended 15 February 1989). Over the

past decade, one-third of the population fled the country, with Pakistan

sheltering more than 3 million refugees and Iran about 1.3 million. Another

1 million probably moved into and around urban areas within Afghanistan.

Although reliable data are unavailable, gross domestic product is lower than

12 years ago because of the loss of labor and capital and the disruption of

trade and transport.

National product:

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $3 billion (1989 est.)

National product real growth rate:

NA%

National product per capita:

$200 (1989 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

over 90% (1991 est.)

Unemployment rate:

NA%

Budget:

revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exports:

$236 million (f.o.b., FY91 est.)

commodities:

natural gas 55%, fruits and nuts 24%, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton,

hides, and pelts

partners:

former USSR, Pakistan

Imports:

$874 million (c.i.f., FY91 est.)

commodities:

food and petroleum products

partners:

former USSR, Pakistan

External debt:

$2.3 billion (March 1991 est.)

Industrial production:

growth rate 2.3% (FY91 est.); accounts for about 25% of GDP

Electricity:

480,000 kW capacity; 1,000 million kWh produced, 60 kWh per capita (1992)

Industries:

small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, and

cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, oil, coal, copper

Agriculture:

largely subsistence farming and nomadic animal husbandry; cash products -

wheat, fruits, nuts, karakul pelts, wool, mutton

Illicit drugs:

an illicit producer of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug

trade; world's second-largest opium producer (after Burma) and a major

source of hashish

Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $380 million; Western (non-US)

countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $510 million; OPEC

bilateral aid (1979-89), $57 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $4.1

billion; net official Western disbursements (1985-89), $270 million

*Afghanistan, Economy

Currency:

1 afghani (AF) = 100 puls

Exchange rates:

afghanis (Af) per US$1 - 1,019 (March 1993), 900 (November 1991), 850

(1991), 700 (1989-90), 220 (1988-89); note - these rates reflect the free

market exchange rates rather than the official exchange rates

Fiscal year:

21 March - 20 March

*Afghanistan, Communications

Railroads:

9.6 km (single track) 1.524-meter gauge from Kushka (Turkmenistan) to

Towraghondi and 15.0 km from Termez (Uzbekistan) to Kheyrabad transshipment

point on south bank of Amu Darya

Highways:

21,000 km total (1984); 2,800 km hard surface, 1,650 km bituminous-treated

gravel and improved earth, 16,550 km unimproved earth and tracks

Inland waterways:

total navigability 1,200 km; chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to

about 500 metric tons

Pipelines:

petroleum products - Uzbekistan to Bagram and Turkmenistan to Shindand;

natural gas 180 km

Ports:

Shir Khan and Kheyrabad (river ports)

Airports:

total:

41

usable:

36

with permanent-surface runways:

9

with runways over 3,659 m:

0

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

11

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

16

Telecommunications:

limited telephone, telegraph, and radiobroadcast services; television

introduced in 1980; 31,200 telephones; broadcast stations - 5 AM, no FM, 1

TV; 1 satellite earth station

*Afghanistan, Defense Forces

Branches:

the military still does not yet exist on a national scale; some elements of

the former Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Guard, Border Guard

Forces, National Police Force (Sarandoi), and tribal militias remain intact

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 4,094,481; fit for military service 2,196,136; reach

military age (22) annually 153,333 (1993 est.)

Defense expenditures:

the new government has not yet adopted a defense budget

*Albania, Geography

Location:

Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula between Serbia and Montenegro

and Greece

Map references:

Africa, Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the

World

Area:

total area:

28,750 km2

land area:

27,400 km2

comparative area:

slightly larger than Maryland

Land boundaries:

total 720 km, Greece 282 km, Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km

(114 km with Serbia, 173 km with Montenegro)

Coastline:

362 km

Maritime claims:

continental shelf:

not specified

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

Kosovo question with Serbia and Montenegro; Northern Epirus question with

Greece

Climate:

mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior

is cooler and wetter

Terrain:

mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast

Natural resources:

petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, timber, nickel

Land use:

arable land:

21%

permanent crops:

4%

meadows and pastures: 15%

forest and woodland:

38%

other:

22%

Irrigated land:

4,230 km2 (1989)

Environment:

subject to destructive earthquakes; tsunami occur along southwestern coast

Note:

strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea

and Mediterranean Sea)

*Albania, People

Population:

3,333,839 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate:

1.21% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

23.24 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate:

5.45 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

-5.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

31.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

73 years

male:

70.01 years

female:

76.21 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

2.85 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Albanian(s)

adjective:

Albanian

Ethnic divisions:

Albanian 90%, Greeks 8%, other 2% (Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians)

(1989 est.)

Religions:

Muslim 70%, Greek Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10%

note:

all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious observances

prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing private religious

practice

Languages:

Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek

Literacy:

age 9 and over can read and write (1955)

total population:

72%

male:

80%

female:

63%

Labor force:

1.5 million (1987)

by occupation:

agriculture 60%, industry and commerce 40% (1986)

*Albania, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Republic of Albania

conventional short form:

Albania

local long form:

Republika e Shqiperise

local short form:

Shqiperia

former:

People's Socialist Republic of Albania

Digraph:

AL

Type:

nascent democracy

Capital:

Tirane

Administrative divisions:

26 districts (rrethe, singular - rreth); Berat, Dibre, Durres, Elbasan,

Fier, Gjirokaster, Gramsh, Kolonje, Korce, Kruje, Kukes, Lezhe, Librazhd,

Lushnje, Mat, Mirdite, Permet, Pogradec, Puke, Sarande, Shkoder, Skrapar,

Tepelene, Tirane, Tropoje, Vlore

Independence:

28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)

Constitution:

an interim basic law was approved by the People's Assembly on 29 April 1991;

a new constitution was to be drafted for adoption in 1992, but is still in

process

Legal system:

has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday:

Liberation Day, 29 November (1944)

Political parties and leaders:

there are at least 18 political parties; most prominent are the Albanian

Socialist Party (ASP; formerly the Albania Workers Party), Fatos NANO, first

secretary; Democratic Party (DP), Eduard SELAMI, chairman; Albanian

Republican Party (RP), Sabri GODO; Omonia (Greek minority party), leader NA

(ran in 1992 election as Unity for Human Rights Party (UHP)); Social

Democratic Party (SDP), Skender GJINUSHI; Democratic Alliance Party (DAP),

Spartak NGJELA, chairman

Suffrage:

18 years of age, universal and compulsory

Elections:

People's Assembly:

last held 22 March 1992; results - DP 62.29%, ASP 25.57%, SDP 4.33%, RP

3.15%, UHP 2.92%, other 1.74%; seats - (140 total) DP 92, ASP 38, SDP 7, RP

1, UHP 2

Executive branch:

president, prime minister of the Council of Ministers, two deputy prime

ministers of the Council of Ministers

Legislative branch:

unicameral People's Assembly (Kuvendi Popullor)

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court

Leaders:

Chief of State:

President of the Republic Sali BERISHA (since 9 April 1992)

*Albania, Government

Head of Government:

Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers Aleksander Gabriel MEKSI (since

10 April 1992)

Member of:

BSEC, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, INTERPOL,

IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LORCS, NACC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,

UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Roland BIMO

chancery:

1511 K Street, NW, Washington, DC

telephone:

(202) 223-4942

FAX:

(202) 223-4950

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador William E. RYERSON

embassy:

Rruga Labinoti 103, room 2921, Tirane

mailing address:

PSC 59, Box 100 (A), APO AE 09624

telephone:

355-42-32875, 33520

FAX:

355-42-32222

Flag:

red with a black two-headed eagle in the center

*Albania, Economy

Overview:

The Albanian economy, already providing the lowest standard of living in

Europe, contracted sharply in 1991, with most industries producing at only a

fraction of past levels and an unemployment rate estimated at 40%. For over

40 years, the Stalinist-type economy operated on the principle of central

planning and state ownership of the means of production. Fitful economic

reforms begun during 1991, including the liberalization of prices and trade,

the privatization of shops and transport, and land reform, were crippled by

widespread civil disorder. Following its overwhelming victory in the 22

March 1992 elections, the new Democratic government announced a program of

shock therapy to stabilize the economy and establish a market economy. In an

effort to expand international ties, Tirane has reestablished diplomatic

relations with the major republics of the former Soviet Union and the US and

has joined the IMF and the World Bank. The Albanians have also passed

legislation allowing foreign investment, but not foreign ownership of real

estate. Albania possesses considerable mineral resources and, until 1990,

was largely self-sufficient in food; however, the breakup of cooperative

farms in 1991 and general economic decline forced Albania to rely on foreign

aid to maintain adequate supplies. In 1992 the government tightened

budgetary contols leading to another drop in domestic output. The

agricultural sector is steadily gaining from the privatization process. Low

domestic output is supplemented by remittances from the 200,000 Albanians

working abroad.

National product:

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $2.5 billion (1992 est.)

National product real growth rate:

-10% (1992 est.)

National product per capita:

$760 (1992 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

210% (1992 est.)

Unemployment rate:

40% (1992 est.)

Budget:

revenues $1.1 billion; expenditures $1.4 billion, including capital

expenditures of $70 million (1991 est.)

Exports:

$45 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)

commodities:

asphalt, metals and metallic ores, electricity, crude oil, vegetables,

fruits, tobacco

partners:

Italy, Macedonia, Germany, Greece, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania,

Bulgaria, Hungary

Imports:

$120 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)

commodities:

machinery, consumer goods, grains

partners:

Italy, Macedonia, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland, Hungary,

Bulgaria, Greece

External debt:

$500 million (1992 est.)

Industrial production:

growth rate -55% (1991 est.)

Electricity: 1,690,000 kW capacity; 5,000 million kWh produced, 1,520 kWh per capita

(1992)

*Albania, Economy

Industries:

food processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, oil, cement, chemicals,

mining, basic metals, hydropower

Agriculture:

arable land per capita among lowest in Europe; over 60% of arable land now

in private hands; one-half of work force engaged in farming; wide range of

temperate-zone crops and livestock

Illicit drugs:

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route

Economic aid:

recipient - $190 million humanitarian aid, $94 million in

loans/guarantees/credits

Currency:

1 lek (L) = 100 qintars

Exchange rates:

leke (L) per US$1 - 97 (January 1993), 50 (January 1992), 25 (September

1991)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

*Albania, Communications

Railroads:

543 km total; 509 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, single track and 34 km

narrow gauge, single track (1990); line connecting Titograd (Serbia and

Montenegro) and Shkoder (Albania) completed August 1986

Highways:

16,700 km total; 6,700 km highways, 10,000 km forest and agricultural cart

roads (1990)

Inland waterways:

43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa

(1990)

Pipelines:

crude oil 145 km; petroleum products 55 km; natural gas 64 km (1991)

Ports:

Durres, Sarande, Vlore

Merchant marine:

11 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 52,967 GRT/76,887 DWT

Airports:

total:

12

usable:

10

with permanent-surface runways:

3

with runways over 3,659 m:

0 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

6

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

4

Telecommunications:

inadequate service; 15,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 13 AM, 1 TV;

514,000 radios, 255,000 TVs (1987 est.)

*Albania, Defense Forces

Branches:

Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Interior Ministry Troops

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 896,613; fit for military service 739,359; reach military

age (19) annually 32,740 (1993 est.)

Defense expenditures:

215 million leke, NA% of GNP (1993 est.); note - conversion of defense

expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce

misleading results

*Algeria, Geography

Location:

Northern Africa, along the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia

Map references:

Africa, Europe

Area:

total area:

2,381,740 km2

land area:

2,381,740 km2

comparative area:

slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas

Land boundaries:

total 6,343 km, Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco

1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km

Coastline:

998 km

Maritime claims:

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

Libya claims part of southeastern Algeria; land boundary disputes with

Tunisia under discussion

Climate:

arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier

with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot,

dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer

Terrain:

mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous

coastal plain

Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc

Land use:

arable land:

3%

permanent crops:

0%

meadows and pastures:

13%

forest and woodland:

2%

other:

82%

Irrigated land:

3,360 km2 (1989 est.)

Environment:

mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; desertification

Note:

second-largest country in Africa (after Sudan)

*Algeria, People

Population:

27,256,252 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.34% (1993 est.)

Birth rate:

30.38 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate:

6.41 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate:

-0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

54 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

67.35 years

male:

66.32 years

female:

68.41 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate:

3.96 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Algerian(s)

adjective:

Algerian

Ethnic divisions:

Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%

Religions:

Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1%

Languages:

Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1990)

total population: 57%

male:

70%

female:

46%

Labor force:

6.2 million (1992 est.)

by occupation:

government 29.5%, agriculture 22%, construction and public works 16.2%,

industry 13.6%, commerce and services 13.5%, transportation and

communication 5.2% (1989)

*Algeria, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria

conventional short form:

Algeria

local long form:

Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Shabiyah

local short form:

Al Jaza'ir

Digraph:

AG

Type:

republic

Capital:

Algiers

Administrative divisions:

48 provinces (wilayast, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain

Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou

Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued,

El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara,

Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi,

Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset,

Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen

Independence:

5 July 1962 (from France)

Constitution:

19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised February 1989

Legal system:

socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative

acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials,

including several Supreme Court justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ

jurisdiction

National holiday:

Anniversary of the Revolution, 1 November (1954)

Political parties and leaders:

Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), Ali BELHADJ, Dr. Abassi MADANI, Abdelkader

HACHANI (all under arrest), Rabeh KEBIR; National Liberation Front (FLN),

Abdelhamid MEHRI, Secretary General; Socialist Forces Front (FFS), Hocine

Ait AHMED, Secretary General

note: the government established a multiparty system in September 1989 and, as of

31 December 1990, over 30 legal parties existed

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Elections:

National People's Assembly:

first round held on 26 December 1991 (second round canceled by the military

after President BENDJEDID resigned 11 January 1992); results - percent of

vote by party NA; seats - (281 total); the fundamentalist FIS won 188 of the

231 seats contested in the first round; note - elections (municipal and

wilaya) were held in June 1990, the first in Algerian history; results - FIS

55%, FLN 27.5%, other 17.5%, with 65% of the voters participating

President of the High State Committee:

next election to be held December 1993

Executive branch:

President of the High State Committee, prime minister, Council of Ministers

(cabinet)

Legislative branch:

unicameral National People's Assembly (Al-Majlis Ech-Chaabi Al-Watani)

*Algeria, Government

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Leaders:

Chief of State:

High State Committee President Ali KAFI (since 2 July 1992)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Belaid ABDESSELAM (since 8 July 1992)

Member of:

ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77,

IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,

INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OPEC,

UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO,

WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Mohamed ZARHOUNI

chancery:

2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

(202) 265-2800

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Mary Ann CASEY

embassy:

4 Chemin Cheikh Bachir El-Ibrahimi, Algiers

mailing address:

B. P. Box 549, Alger-Gare, 16000 Algiers

telephone:

[213] (2) 601-425 or 255, 186

FAX:

[213] (2) 603979

consulate: Oran

Flag:

two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white with a red

five-pointed star within a red crescent; the crescent, star, and color green

are traditional symbols of Islam (the state religion)

*Algeria, Economy

Overview:

The oil and natural gas sector forms the backbone of the economy,

hydrocarbons accounting for nearly all export receipts, about 30% of

government revenues, and nearly 25% of GDP. In 1973-74 the sharp increase in

oil prices led to a booming economy and helped to finance an ambitious

program of industrialization. Plunging oil and gas prices, combined with the

mismanagement of Algeria's highly centralized economy, has brought the

nation to its most serious social and economic crisis since full

independence in 1988. The current government has put reform, including

privatization of some public sector companies and an overhaul of the banking

and financial system, on hold, but has continued efforts to admit private

enterprise to the hydrocarbon industry.

National product:

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $42 billion (1992 est.)

National product real growth rate:

2.8% (1992 est.)

National product per capita:

$1,570 (1992 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

55% (1992 est.)

Unemployment rate:

35% (1992 est.)

Budget:

revenues $14.4 billion; expenditures $14.6 billion, including capital

expenditures of $3.5 billion (1992 est.)

Exports:

$11.6 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)

commodities:

petroleum and natural gas 97%

partners:

Italy, France, US, Germany, Spain

Imports:

$8.2 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)

commodities:

capital goods 39.7%, food and beverages 21.7%, consumer goods 11.8% (1990)

partners:

France, Italy, Germany, US, Spain

External debt:

$26 billion (1992 est.)

Industrial production:

growth rate NA%

Electricity:

6,380,000 kW capacity; 16,834 million kWh produced, 630 kWh per capita

(1992)

Industries:

petroleum, light industries, natural gas, mining, electrical, petrochemical,

food processing

Agriculture:

accounts for 10.8% of GDP (1991) and employs 22% of labor force; products-

wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits, sheep, cattle; net

importer of food - grain, vegetable oil, sugar

Economic aid:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-85), $1.4 billion; Western (non-US)

countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $925 million; OPEC

bilateral aid (1979-89), $1.8 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.7

billion; net official disbursements (1985-89), -$375 million

Currency:

1 Algerian dinar (DA) = 100 centimes

*Algeria, Economy

Exchange rates:

Algerian dinars (DA) per US$1 - 22.787 (January 1993), 21.836 (1992), 18.473

(1991), 8.958 (1990), 7.6086 (1989), 5.9148 (1988)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

*Algeria, Communications