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If project standards have been established and design activities have been outlined, the final design phase should proceed smoothly. The goal is to produce remaining I&C drawings and specifications needed to complete the final design.

Control system specifications (i.e., written details on equipment, methods, and functions that contractors must supply or implement) are especially important during this phase. These specifications typically are organized according to the format established by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) (http://www.csinet.org). Automation and instrumentation industry standards, which were revised in 2004, organize specifications into sections that correspond to significant construction categories. The CSI format is structured such that there is minimal overlap with other sections. Completed specifications are then submitted to the end user or owner for their comments and approval (see Chapter 6 for more details on this topic).