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RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF THE PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS OF THE LITHOSPHERE
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When reduced to the simplest terms of elements the outer ten miles of the lithosphere consists of:[1]
PERCENTAGE OF PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS IN THE LITHOSPHERE
| Oxygen | 47.33 |
| Silicon | 27.74 |
| Aluminum | 7.85 |
| Iron | 4.50 |
| Calcium | 3.47 |
| Magnesium | 2.24 |
| Sodium | 2.46 |
| Potassium | 2.46 |
| 98.05 |
The remainder of the elements exist in quantities of less than 1 per cent. None of these principal elements occur separately in nature and none of them are mined as elements for economic purposes.
