Читать книгу The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics - Carol A. Chapelle - Страница 177

While concurring with Schmidt's noticing hypothesis on the important role of attention in learning, Tomlin and Villa's (1994) model of input processing in SLA differs sharply from Schmidt's regarding the role of awareness in the acquisitional process. Drawing on works in cognitive science, Tomlin and Villa propose a functionally based, fine‐grained analysis of attention. In their model, attention comprises “three separable attentional functions that have also been paired to separate yet interconnected neuroanatomical areas” (Tomlin & Villa, 1994, p. 190): (a) alertness (an overall readiness to deal with incoming stimuli), (b) orientation (the direction of attentional resources to a certain type of stimuli), and (c) detection (the cognitive registration of stimuli). The network hypothesized to be necessary for further processing of input and subsequent learning to take place is that of detection. The other two networks (alertness and orientation) are important in SLA and can enhance the chances that detection will occur, but their role in promoting detection is not crucial. According to Tomlin and Villa, in their model, detection does not imply awareness, that is, awareness does not play a crucial role in the preliminary processing of input into intake during exposure.