Читать книгу The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics - Carol A. Chapelle - Страница 86

Conceptual foundation. The IDI is a 50‐item measure of intercultural competence that is based on Bennett's (1993) developmental model. The IDI is well known and frequently used for assessing intercultural development and intercultural competence of individuals and groups.

 Cultural dimension(s) being measured: intercultural development. The IDI assesses one's orientation toward culturally different persons and groups. At higher levels of intercultural sensitivity or competence, this means possessing cultural knowledge sufficient for shifting cultural perspective and adapting behavior to cultural context. The IDI generates two main scores for intercultural competence: the “perceived orientation” score (where one places themselves on the DMIS continuum), the “developmental orientation” score (one's primary orientation toward cultural difference), as well as “trailing” or unresolved orientations and “leading” or aspirational orientations. It also produces scores of “orientation gap” and “cultural disengagement.”

 Reliability and validity. There is considerable empirical evidence on the reliability and validity of the IDI (Hammer, Bennett, & Wiseman, 2003; Hammer, 2011). These studies show that (a) the items possess strong internal reliability consistency, (b) the IDI is not subject to social desirability bias, (c) the IDI research has found evidence for predictive as well as construct validity, and (d) it is not correlated with standard background characteristics of age, gender, or ethnicity.

 Generalizability. The IDI has cross‐cultural generalizability. The items were originally generated by a culturally diverse sample and the IDI was pilot tested with a culturally diverse group. It has been translated into 12 languages (using a rigorous back translation method).