Читать книгу The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics - Carol A. Chapelle - Страница 87

 Conceptual foundation. The MEIM‐R (Phinney, 1992; Phinney & Ong, 2007) is conceptualized around the multidimensional, social aspects of an individual's ethnic identity, including sense of belonging and affirmation, ethnic identity achievement, ethnic behaviors and practices, and orientation to other groups. Its theoretical base is Phinney's (1989) stages of ethnic identity development.

 Cultural dimension being measured: cultural identity. The MEIM‐R measures “that part of an individual's self‐concept which derives from [his] knowledge of [his] membership of a social group (or groups) together with the value and emotional significance attached to that membership” (Tajfel, in Phinney & Ong, 2007, p. 271).

 Reliability and validity. Research on the MEIM‐R (Phinney & Ong, 2007; Brown et al., 2014) has resulted in a six‐item measure that meets reliability (alpha > = .81) and validity standards. It is currently a two‐factor model, exploration of and commitment to one's ethnic identity.

 Generalizability. The MEIM‐R is intended to be used (and has been tested with) ethnic minorities in the USA. Such minorities have included Latinx, Asian American, African American, European American (such as Armenian), and those of mixed heritage.

Table 1 Culture learning instruments and selection criteria

Criteria	Instrument
	Intercultural	Multigroup Ethnic	Sociocultural	Cultural
	Development	Identity	Adaptation	Intelligence Scale
	Inventory	Measure‐Revised	Scale‐Revised
Conceptual foundation	Developmental model of intercultural sensitivity (Bennett, 1993)	Ethnic identity development (Phinney, 1989; Phinney & Ong, 2007)	Sociocultural adaptation (Ward & Kennedy, 1999)	Cultural intelligence (Sternberg & Detterman, 1986; Earley & Ang, 2003)
Cultural category	Intercultural development	Cultural identity	Cultural adjustment	Culture learning
Reliability and validity	+	+	+	+
Generalizability	Across culture and language groups	US ethnic minorities	Across culture groups	Across culture groups

Note. + indicates instrument meets reliability and validity testing. See instrument description for details.