Читать книгу Neurology - Charles H. Clarke - Страница 48

The insula is involved in pain, and in language:

 Anterior: a cortical centre for pain perception

 Posterior: pain – emotional responses to/memories of

 Central: language – emotional responses.

The cingulate cortex has six zones:

 Executive: connected to dorso‐lateral prefrontal cortex and SMA

 Nociceptive: afferents from thalamus (medial dorsal nucleus)Figure 2.12 Limbic system: brain midline sagittal section.Source: Champney 2016.

 Emotional: happy thoughts light this area on fMRI

 Micturition: activity seen on bladder filling

 Vocalisation: active during decisions about construction of a sentence ‐ changes in activation and reduced blood flow can occur in stammering

 Autonomic: respiratory and cardiac – responses to emotion, sweating and blushing.