Читать книгу Neurology - Charles H. Clarke - Страница 52

The multiple paired nuclei of each hypothalamus lie each side of the third ventricle (Figure 2.14).

The hypothalamus is a central neural effector of basic survival, with roles in:

 Temperature homeostasis, regulation of food and water intake;

 Defence, arousal and sleep–wake cycles, sexual, endocrine and autonomic activity.

Figure 2.14 (a) Hypothalamic & pituitary region: sagittal – from right (b) Partial coronal section through A‐A. DN – dorsal nucleus; PN – posterior nucleus; LN – lateral nucleus; TMN – tuberomamillary nucleus; MB – mamillary body; PAR – paraventricular nucleus; DMN – dorsomedial nucleus; VMN – ventromedial nucleus; PER – periventricular nucleus; Arc – arcuate nucleus; GPL – globus pallidus lateral; GPM – globus pallidus medial; MFB – medial forebrain bundle; ZI – zona incerta.

Source: Fitzgerald (2010).

For an area so intimately involved in essential activities, lesions of the hypothalamus are unusual. One reason is simple – bilateral destruction is necessary to produce clinical effects.