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One of the primary roles of the periodontium is to support sensory feedback via the periodontal ligament. Neuroimaging would help clarify the neural pathway of sensory processing of periodontal stimuli (Kaneko et al. 2017; Kishimoto et al. 2019; Ono et al. 2015). Moreover, neuroimaging may contribute to elucidating the association between periodontal health and other systemic conditions (Table 1.3). A recently hotly debated issue is the association between dementia and neuroinflammation as well as neurotoxicity, which may relate to periodontal health (Tonsekar et al. 2017). To explore this brain–stomatognathic connection, researchers have directly assessed the association between periodontal health and the Aβ plaques of the brain, a critical feature of Alzheimer's dementia (Kamer et al. 2015). In this study, the pathological feature of Aβ plaque was assessed using PET, and the association between brain pathology and periodontal health (e.g. clinical attachment loss) can be quantified (Kamer et al. 2015). The association between oral health and other pathological brain features, such as lacunar infarction, can also be investigated using neuroimaging methods (Taguchi et al. 2013). Neuroimaging is a valuable tool for investigating the sensory pathway of periodontal inputs and the association between periodontal health and systemic conditions.