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However, the OB framework may not always provide a good prediction of the outcome of dental treatment. For example, temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are associated with various deficits of teeth, the temporomandibular joint and muscles. According to the OB framework, a primary step of treating TMD would be to fix the structural deficits, such as adjusting patients' occlusion by reshaping cusp morphology. However, cumulating evidence suggested that the relationship between occlusal adjustment and the improvement of patients' symptoms is controversial (Xie et al. 2013). In contrast, more evidence from the sensorimotor control of limb movement has revealed that human action is maintained by the corresponding motor program, shaped by learning and adaptation via a complex mechanism of the brain (Wolpert and Flanagan 2016). Notably, the brain would also play a major role in the stomatognathic functions since most of these functions related to feeding – either mastication or swallowing or pain, are highly associated with the integration between sensory feedback and motor commands, both mandated by the brain. Therefore, to strengthen the original OB framework, the link between the stomatognathic system and behaviour needs to be revisited.