Читать книгу Smart Grid and Enabling Technologies - Frede Blaabjerg - Страница 48

Electrification is the process of powering by electricity and, within the context of the SG principle [62]. As the electricity generation in the SG moves toward more renewable sources, this trend enables more environmental gains and adding to it more end sectors such as heating, transportation, away from fossil fuel resources. This trend also increases the efficiency of energy utilization. An example of electrification is using EVs in transportation. This technology has been evolving rapidly over the past five years. The EV range was improved to exceed 480 km for particular models. Batteries' costs which were above $1100 per kilowatt‐hour in 2010, have fallen 87% in real terms to $156/kWh in 2019 [63]. These reductions have reduced the cost gap with traditional internal‐combustion engine vehicles. It's expected to have economically competitive EVs, although multiple electrification challenges within the infrastructure can limit the successful adaptation rate of EVs. The deployment of EVs boosts electricity consumption and offers a huge opportunity to maximize the utilization of the grid. This can be achieved if the charging/recharging technology is combined with suitable pricing and flexible usage. Electrification and economic growth are highly correlated [64].

Figure 1.18 Three trends of the grid edge transformation.