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The electric grid's modernization should begin with a careful assessment of existing technologies within the power grid. Proper utilization of the existing power plants, transmission, and distribution lines and other facilities are the key factor in accomplishing grid modernization within the available financial and technical resources. The country should determine its current level of technology deployment followed up with a focused financial study and analysis of missing grid modernization aspects and associate them with timeline and cost. There are specific analyses that should be conducted for shifting to the SG paradigm. Each utility should conduct its own different analyses and implement specific strategies within a defined timeline. Examples of required analyses are [74, 75]:

Gap analysis: refers to identifying the incomplete actions between current status and future targets to achieve the desired outcomes. Also, it identifies the gaps in a particular grid's technology evolution and developed pillars. This will be used in the development of any shortcomings, as well as the implementation plans. The next step is to assess the current status, concerns, degree of technology deployment, and success rate. The simple form of gap analysis is comparing the current situation to the objective statement for each focus technology and pillar. An example of the gap analysis on increased reliability and efficiency of electricity transmission and distribution system is shown in Figure 1.20.

Cost–benefit analysis: refers to the analysis that should be conducted to identify the associated cost of the actions in the various pillars that are necessary to mitigate the gaps which are identified in the gap analysis. This should be done to measure the physical performance of the application of the SG in a way that is quantifiable and with high certainty and accuracy. The cost‐effectiveness analysis takes a step further and provides scientifically based measurements and protocols to identify the physical impacts and monetary costs that come with the SG projects. The payback time for all sectors would then be identified which will help in promoting and adopting the SG paradigm at a very wide scale and get support from policymakers and market players.

Risk analysis: refers to the analysis conducted in order to identify the risks associated with taking actions in the various pillars. The risk assessment has an important role in the adopted SG road map in order to timely mitigate the associated risks.

Barrier analysis: refers to the conducted analysis to identify any potential barriers that must be overcome in adopting and achieving the SG era. These may relate to policies, regulations, technology, human resources, finances, etc.