Читать книгу Smart Grid and Enabling Technologies - Frede Blaabjerg - Страница 54

Smart grid plays a critical role to enable the overall electric power sector objectives. The role of SG within the energy sector policies and regulations is shown in Figure 1.22. The general goals of SG are to ensure delivery of electric energy in an efficient, sustainable, resilient, and environmentally friendly manner. This allows for ambitious power sector targets that trigger new investment needs and call for new ways to control, manage and operate network infrastructures.

SG is therefore a conceptual goal whose achievement will require continuous grid modernization with the use of conventional and advanced technologies and operations. Through its pillars, SG provides great benefits to different parties connected to it. Utilities will gain reduced maintenance cost and lower distribution cost, while grid operators will ensure better monitoring and control capabilities which lead to greater efficiency and resiliency. Finally, consumers will gain better supply quality and continuity and will have control over their profile of consumed power and reduced electricity consumption. SG adaptation will benefit the nation and serve the environment by reducing electrical energy consumption, achieving continuous electricity supply, and ensuring clean and sustainable energy. The SG vision presents a power system that is more intelligent, more decentralized, and more controllable than today's grid. Integrating numerous intelligent SG technologies and operations in power generation, transmission and distribution are considered as the required trend for the energy paradigm shift.

The benefits that could be obtained from adopting the SG are divided into two types, direct benefits, and indirect benefits. Direct benefits include the following:

Figure 1.22 SG role in the electricity power sector.

 Enabling active participation of consumers, which transforms the centralized grid control to less centralized and more consumer interactive based.

 Improving energy system resiliency, flexibility, and load management.

 Increasing operating efficiency.

 Reducing transmission and distribution losses.

 Anticipating and responding to system disturbances (achieving self‐healing and resilient system).

 Providing power quality for the digital economy.

 Allowing for a high level of renewable energy penetration.

 Accommodating the needs for a high level of EV integration.

Indirect benefits of the SG include the reduction of the overall expenses by reducing both long‐term capital expense and operating expense. As demand increases, utilities must provide the required power to meet the peak loads which results in extremely high‐cost infrastructure. Smart management of energy supply and demand will help reduce the need to build more power plants in addition avoiding oversize of transmission and distribution infrastructures which, in turn, decreases the long‐term capital cost. In addition, SG adaptation enables the utility to reduce power outages, decrease the risk of premature failure and, in turn, increase resiliency of the overall grid. Furthermore, new economic growth and job creation are important indirect benefits of the SG.