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In this chapter, we have presented an overview of pure phosphorene, its geometric structure, its physical properties, its fabrication methods, and several applications. We have also shown thatowing to its puckered structure and its strong anisotropic electronic, mechanical, magnetic, and optical properties, phosphorene constitutes an ideal candidate for potential applications, including gas sensor, field-effect transistor, and solar cell application. Unstable under atmospheric conditions, we have reported phosphorene oxides and demonstrated how O-functionalization is a promising technique to enhance the features of this novel material.