Читать книгу Biotechnology of Fruit and Nut Crops - Группа авторов - Страница 119

Embryogenic cultures and young leaf tissues were subjected to micro-projectile bombardment (Samosir et al., 1998). A GUS(β-glucuronidase) reporter system was used, and among the seven tested promoters, Act1 and Ubi produced the highest transient gene expression, suggesting that these two promoters could be of use in future studies. More recently, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been attempted with several coconut explants, e.g. immature anthers, zygotic embryos, plumule-derived embryogenic cultures and somatic embryo roots and leaves (Andrade-Torres et al., 2011). Using a range of reporter genes, the study evaluated techniques for selection of transformants based on antibiotic resistance. Since endogenous GUS-like activity was observed in embryogenic cultures which had not been cocultivated with Agrobacterium carrying the gusA gene, a number of alternative reporter genes were also tried, e.g. green or red fluorescent proteins. A transformation approach, combining biolistics to generate micro-wounds in explant tissues, followed by vacuum infiltration and coculture with A. tumefaciens, may be a way to introduce genes of interest (Andrade-Torres et al., 2011). No genetically modified coconut palms have been produced. Genes involved in disease or stress resistance, once isolated and inserted, could be useful in coconut breeding.