Читать книгу Biotechnology of Fruit and Nut Crops - Группа авторов - Страница 65

Cell culture and regeneration systems for several important mango cultivars have been elaborated and confirmed by several groups (Table 2.2.1). Increasing the conversion frequency is essential for certain types of applications. Some of the major breeding objectives can be addressed either by in vitro mutagenesis and selection (e.g. anthracnose) or by genetic transformation (e.g. control of fruit ripening) with genes that have been cloned from mango. Control of fruit quality, elimination of physiological disorders of certain selections (internal breakdown of fruit), alteration of tree architecture and greater resistance to insect pests and diseases should be the major objectives for genetic engineering of mango. Cryogenic storage is a promising tool to provide a back-up for large ex situ plantings of clonal mango genetic resources and for experimental materials.

Increasing world trade of fresh mangoes is beginning to seriously impact production in both Israel and the USA, which for many years have provided a major component of research in biotechnology of this species. The major producing countries, i.e. India, China, Mexico and elsewhere, must invest more heavily in the biotechnologies. Breeding programmes must become more reliant on molecular tools, including map-based breeding, and on use of genomics to identify gene function.