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More and more municipalities and cities are beginning to electrify their fleets, as moving towards EVs can help reduce emissions, lead to better public health and lower government spending [7]. Municipal non-bus fleets include a whole host of vehicles that cities use every day, from sanitation inspections to water meter readings and building inspections. Most non-bus fleets are made up of the same make and model that individuals can purchase for everyday use. While these are much smaller than a city bus, for example, a large city would have a number of smaller EVs as part of the fleet.

A key factor in the selection of non-bus fleets as an alternative for study was their immediate market availability, as well as their availability to be plugged in and ready during peak periods. Assume a 2019 Nissan Leaf as a case example of a municipal fleet vehicle: the Leaf has a maximum range of 150 miles [8], which can more than accommodate the average daily needs to fulfill municipality duties and still have an available SoC for the 4 pm peak hour. Additionally, since the Leaf has the ability to quick charge up to 90 miles in 30 minutes via a DC quickcharger, it can still be drawn down to a low SoC and then quickly charged again once the peak ends and still be ready to resume duties the following morning.