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Like school buses, garbage trucks were selected as a possible alternative due to their flexible operating schedules as well as their potential for adoption. To date, most of the garbage trucks in service across the United States use internal combustion engines fueled with either diesel or Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). However, the segment shows large potential towards electrification, with large, heavy duty trucks (e.g., electrified garbage trucks) that start and stop every 200 feet through the use of regenerative braking. This type of braking can help recover energy consistently [14]. With the use of a regenerative brake system, it is estimated that an electric garbage truck can save up to US$35,000 per year in operating costs when compared to a traditional diesel/CNG model [15].

There are a number of manufacturers that are either building or developing electric garbage truck models, with models currently in use in California. Manufacturers of electric garbage trucks include Chinese Build Your Dreams (BYD), Swedish Volvo and Peterbilt, Mack and Wrightspeed. Battery capacities currently range from 60 to 300 kWh [16, 17].

Depending on its battery capacity, a garbage truck could be a good option for V2G integration. Larger capacity models should have a sufficient SoC in the peak period during the summer months, and flexible routes/schedules can be integrated as well. Ultimately, our research indicates that the factor for electric garbage truck adoption will result in savings for fleet operators. Electric truck models are currently estimated to save US$35,000 per year in operating costs, while partnerships with utilities for V2G integration could result in further operational savings. Ultimately, we estimate electric garbage trucks to be a tested and available alternative by 2025–2030.