Читать книгу Kelly Vana's Nursing Leadership and Management - Группа авторов - Страница 72

1 Answer: D is correct.Rationale: The management process is defined as encompassing planning, organizing, coordinating, and controlling. While nurses and managers do use decision making (B) as a component of their work, decision making is not the best answer to describe the management process. Commanding and controlling others using hierarchical authority (C) is not a description of the management process. It is one way that managers have carried out their role in organizations (typically bureaucracies) where commanding is the style used to manage subordinates. While controlling is one aspect of the management process, it is not a complete answer.

2 Answer: B is correctRationale: A participative leadership style engages people. To be effective using this style, employees need to be willing and have the ability to contribute. It is not the best style when employees are less mature (A) and/or unwilling (C). Nor is a participative style useful when employees need direction to understand the task and how to proceed, and when structure is needed (D).

3 Answer: B is correctRationale: Theory Y is a description of people who can direct themselves, are motivated to achieve work objectives and have self‐discipline. Theory X is a view of people who need direction and want job security (A). Neither Theory X or Theory Y focuses on accepting responsibility, thus answer (C) is not correct and (D) is too general a statement about nurses to accept that it is factual. Nor would this be an accurate description of Theory Y behaviors.

4 Answer: D is correctRationale: Herzberg's theory explains motivation through two factors: hygiene maintenance factors and motivator factors. Motivator factors contribute to job satisfaction. These factors are achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, and they contribute to job satisfaction

5 Answer: B is correct.Rationale: Substitutes for leadership include standards and procedures that provide guidance, direction, and convey expectations.

6 Answer: B is correct.Rationale: Leadership is defined as influencing others toward goals and goal achievement. It also is fundamentally about relational aspects of interacting with other individuals and/or groups.

7 Answer: C is correctRationale: Vroom's expectancy theory explains how to identify the likelihood or probability that a group will exert the effort to reach goals, that the goals are attractive or unattractive, and individuals see the goals as being possible to reach. Other theories do not use goals to explain motivation.

8 Answer: All answers are leadership characteristics. Selecting all is correct: A, B, C, and D.Rationale: Vision of a preferred future is a defining element of transformation leadership along with inspiring others and aligning them toward a goal. Additional characteristics that are necessary to be credible as a leader include honesty and maturity. Emotionally intelligent leaders acquire a knowledge of themselves that contributes to self‐awareness and self‐regulation and the ability to identify/assess strengths and weaknesses. Nurses as leaders need all of these characteristics to make decisions, act in emergencies, collaborate and advocate for patients, and influence care delivery.

9 Answer: A, B, and D are the correct answers. Motivation and empathy are not part of the definition of emotional intelligence.Rationale: The capacity to interact with understanding and respect involves the basic social and emotional competencies of self‐awareness, self‐regulation, and social skills. Motivation and empathy are not part of the definition of emotional intelligence.

10 Answer: A, B, and E are the correct answers. Management and compassion are not part of the definition of emotional intelligence.