Читать книгу Groundwater Geochemistry - Группа авторов - Страница 33

Heavy metal can be eliminated from groundwater by applying various chemical, biological/biochemical, and physicochemical remediation technologies. Chemical methods include a reduction (by using dithionites, H₂S gas, iron‐based technologies such as zerovalent ion, iron salts), chemical flushing (using soil washing, chelate flushing, ion exchange) and in situ chemical fixation. Biological/biochemical remediation has been carried out by biological activity in the subsurface, biosorption (by using biosurfactant, metal uptake by the organism, cellulosic material and agricultural wastes) and enhanced bio restoration. Physico‐chemical remediation applied by using adsorption/absorption/filtration (using surfactants, membrane separation, synthetic activated carbon, industrial byproducts and waste, ferrous materials, iron‐based soil amendments, mineral products), electrokinetic treatment and permeable reactive barriers, which include sorption (in red mud, activated carbon, zeolite, iron sorbent), precipitation via zero‐valent ion, complexing agents, atomized slag, caustic magnesia, and biological barriers (denitrification and sulphate reduction, microbes) (Hashim et al. 2011).