Читать книгу Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants - Группа авторов - Страница 29

In addition to photosynthesis, the chloroplast is the hub of several other metabolic activities: the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoid, ABA, vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids and lipids (Zhao et al. 2020). Therefore, any environmental stress affects the metabolic pathways that operate in the chloroplast. Minutes after the salt stress, the stomata are closed, suppressing the exchange of the CO₂ resulting in photosynthesis inhibition. In the light reaction of photosynthesis, the electron generated from the photo‐oxidation of water passes through the electron transport chain (ETC) on the thylakoid membrane to the electron acceptor proteins and molecules in the stroma. The transfer of electrons through the ETC generates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane, creating a proton motive force (PMF). This PMF drives the function of the chloroplast ATP synthase for the synthesis of ATP from the ADP, a process defined as the photophosphorylation (Sudhir and Murthy 2004). The plants use the ATP produced by the photophosphorylation in their metabolic pathways that operates in the chloroplast.