Читать книгу Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants - Группа авторов - Страница 38

Halophytes are the plant species that can survive and complete their lifecycle in the soil with salinity equivalent or higher than 200 mM of NaCl (Flowers and Colmer 2008). The plasticity of halophytes to tolerate saline soil conditions is attributed to genetic, morphological, anatomical, and physiological adaptations (Flowers et al. 1977). Decades of research accumulated knowledge about the halophytes suggest that they evolved to maintain efficient cellular ion homeostasis, better osmotic adjustments, and secretion of excessive salt by the salt gland or by the epidermal bladder cells (EBC). How halophytes enable them to tolerate the salt stress and differed from the glycophytesis, summarized in Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1 Schematic illustration shows comparison of ion homeostasis and physiological changes in glycophytes and halophytes during salt stress. The illustration shows only some of the important differences between a glycophyte and a halophyte to provide simplicity of the scheme. The arrows represent the direction of Na⁺ movement during salt stress, whereas the thickness of the arrows indicates the amount of Na⁺ movement. The number of transporters on the membranes represents the amount of Na⁺ being transported to the direction of the arrow. ABA, absiscic acid; CAM, Crassulacean acid metabolism; FV, fast‐activating Na⁺ channel; HKT1, high‐ affinity K⁺‐1 transporter; NHX, vacuolar Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter protein family; SOS1, salt overly sensitive 1 (plasma membrane Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter); SV, slow‐activating Na⁺ channel. Scheme was created using BioRender.com.

Source: Modified from (Bose et al. 2017; Zhao et al. 2020)

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