Читать книгу Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants - Группа авторов - Страница 33

The sugar molecule fixed by photosynthesis is the carbon source of plants used for biosynthesis of structural components to support growth or in the respiration for supplying energy for maintenance of metabolic activity. The regulatory mechanisms involved in allocating the carbon to either growth or the respiratory pathway are defined as the carbon balance of plants (Lambers et al. 2008). Mitochondria are the energy house of the cells producing chemical energy in the form of ATP by oxidation of sugar molecules and supplying energy for metabolic activities. Under optimum growth conditions, energy production from a sugar molecule involves glycolysis, followed by Kreb’s (tricarboxylicacid, TCA) cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) coupled with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria (Fernie et al. 2004). In salt‐stress conditions, the demand for ATP production increased suddenly for ion transporters to maintain the ionic homeostasis, detoxification of ROS, and synthesis of osmolytes to maintain the cellular osmotic balance (Che‐Othman et al. 2017). The breakdown of glucose by glycolysis in plants operates at the cytoplasm and in the plastids (Plaxton 1996), where some of the isoforms of the chloroplastic glycolytic pathway participate in the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle (Dumont and Rivoal 2019).