Читать книгу Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia - Группа авторов - Страница 227

 The rate, rhythm and character of respiration should be determined.

 Observe the horse from all sides to assess bilateral symmetry and the thoracic and abdominal components of respiration.

 An increase in the abdominal component of respiration may signify recurrent airway obstruction (heaves).

 A reduced thoracic movement is a feature of acute pleuritis.

 Assess airflow through each nostril to check the patency of the nasal passages.Closing each nostril in turn and assessing airflow can verify an obstruction.Airflow can be assessed by placing one's ear close to the nostril.

 Abnormal odors usually signify anaerobic infections (e.g. sinus, dental, lung abscess).

 The pharynx and larynx should be palpated externally for gross abnormalities that may affect airflow or intubation.