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 There are several different classes of diuretics with different mechanisms of action, ultimately resulting in increased urine production.

 See Table 5.1 for a summary of the diuretic classes.

Table 5.1 Site and mechanism of action of diuretics.

Diuretic Class	Examples	Site of Action	Mechanism of Action
Osmotic diuretics	Mannitol	PCT	Inhibits Na+ and water reabsorption
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors	Acetazolamide	PCT	Inhibits activity of carbonic anhydrase
Loop diuretics	Furosemide	Thick ascending limb of LOH	Inhibits Na+‐K+‐Cl− cotransporter
Thiazide diuretics	Hydrochlorothiazide	DCT	Inhibits Na+‐Cl− cotransporter
Potassium sparing diuretics – Aldosterone inhibitors	Spironolactone	Collecting duct	Inhibits aldosterone receptor
Potassium sparing diuretics – Sodium channel blockers	Amiloride	DCT	Inhibits Na+ channel

PCT – Proximal convoluted tubule.

LOH – Loop of Henle.

DCT – Distal convoluted tubule.