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Numerous preliminary treatment methods have been implemented in order to boost cellulose reactivity as well as to increase the yield of simple sugars and lignin content, including traditional pre-treatment goals.

1 Development of protein rich solids during enzyme hydrolysis, which increases sugar yields.

2 Trying to avoid the breakdown of sugar (mainly pentose), like hemicellulose enzymes.

3 Reducing inhibitor development for the following stage of fermentation.

4 Lignin treatment for conversion into useful aromatic products and products.

5 To be expense by performing in reasonable reactors and by decreasing demands for heat and fuel. Generally, there are four types of pre-treatment technologies are available and described in the following chapters.

Figure 2.4 Schematic diagram for processing of lignin.