Читать книгу Handbook of Biomass Valorization for Industrial Applications - Группа авторов - Страница 40

The make use of microbes to dissolve lignin and hemicellulose requires biological pre-treatment however keeps the cellulose in unbroken condition [78–80]. Destruction of lignin happens by the action of fungi-secreted enzymes that destroy lignin. While biological pre-treatments entail mild atmosphere and are inexpensive, drawbacks compared to other technologies are slow hydrolysis and inneed of time-consuming pre-treatments [81]. Present efforts in biological pre-treatment include the integration of this method with other pre-treatment techniques and the creation of innovative rapid hydrolysis of microbes [78, 79, 82]. In contrast with chemical & physicochemical pre-treatment methods, all physical and biological processes are not competitive.

Biological method of turning bagasse into required energy is dependent on ethanol-producing fermentation and gas-producing anerobic digestion [83, 84]. To allow cellulose more accessible to hydrolysis and fermentation, this pre-treatment is often employed in conjunction by means of chemical treatment. Biomass can be partly degraded by numerous microorganisms [85]. Furthermore, fungal depolymerization may be done by means of lignin as a biocatalytic [73, 86]. For the breakdown of biomass materials, physical & chemical pre-treatment procedures can be employed. Physical pre-treatment refers to the reduction by mechanical steps of the size of the raw material to make it available to subsequent (biochemical) treatment.

The key process used to crack biomass is dependent on hydrolysis technique. Occasionally, this approach is saccharification. This is utilized to split hydrogen bonds in the fractions of lignocellulosic biomass by extracting. It is resulting hemicellulose with improvements in composition of the cellulose microfiles and retrieving the resultant soluble monomeric and oligomeric sugars [87, 88]. The objective of pre-treatment is to get better usable surface areas, to recrystallize cellulose and to eliminate the substance of hemicellulose and lignin.