Читать книгу Handbook of Biomass Valorization for Industrial Applications - Группа авторов - Страница 42

Lignin is a part of wood that has proven to be an especially promising resource. Currently, it is used almost solely for electricity storage, but it may be used for many other applications as well. Lignocellulose provides structure and stability to plants (Latin lignum = wood). The cell wall of plants is reinforced by lignocellulose biopolymers and consists of their key constituents: cellulose and hemicellulose from structure through lignin is inserted as a form of connector. Resistance to wind and pests by cell wall lignification producer plants. In comparison to fossil petroleum, wood-based lignocellulose, straw is a green raw material that can be cultivated in fields and woods and is climate-neutral. In comparison, the quantity of CO₂ emitted into the atmosphere is by firing wood and woody materials.

To manufacture the products such as synthetic fibers, fertilizers, etc., the chemical industry depends entirely on carbon components. In Germany, nearly 80% of the carbon composites employed for these reasons are gasoline, natural gas and coal. Carbon, however, also appears in plants. During photosynthesis, the plant binds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and uses it to create molecules rich in energy, mostly sugar compounds. To a small degree, 13% of the chemical industry now uses green materials, primarily vegetable oil, starch, natural rubber and cellulose. The long-standing plan is to establish biorefineries using which recycled materials can be utilized in them completely in an integrated supply series to raise this percentage of us in the future. The key fields of research are the farming of raw materials via collection & distribution of plants manufacturing lignocellulose, analyzing of new extraction methods, and various synthesis techniques which are used to produce biodiesel and related materials.

Lignin that comprises 30% of the lignocellulose biomass is an untapped treasure. It consisting of various aromatic building blocks which are very helpful. Aromatic complexes are usually produced from petroleum and are useful to make plastic medications and tints. Therefore, lignin’s abilities are incredibly more; lignin, in addition to chitin, is the mainly plentiful polymer and containing a significant number of aromatic mixtures.

Lignin has tremendous potential for applications. The amount of lignin utilized in the chemical industry in the upcoming years, however, varies on several parameters; on the other hand, it varies on the advance in crude oil values. For future growth of a biobased economy, lignocellulose will become an essential feedstock, while upto 75% of dry weight of lignin consists of sugar, occurs in a polymerized condition [89].

Lignin is produced as a waste product when wood is processed into paper pulp. This waste stream of lignin has long been respected by researchers. Heavy chemistry involves the conventional process of extracting lignin from the pulp which has side effects. Therefore, lignin is typically burned by the paper industry, but it is a very loco-grade fuel. Instead of relying on the valorization of this deteriorated lignin side stream, an alternative approach was created to concurrently transform the wood into paper pulp used and products extracted from high quality lignin. The lignin can be isolated from the pulp and dismantled into smaller compounds with the proper temperature and promise. The effect is a lignin oil that can be turned into chemical building blocks more quickly. In essence, these building blocks can be used in plastic, insulation foam, coloring and flavoring solvents, pharmaceutical goods, dye, paint, etc.