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The social, environmental, and economic indicators are the three basic pillars of sustainability, although some technological and operational indicators have also been reviewed in the literature [36, 48, 58, 59]. The selection of sustainability indicators for the present study has been made with reference to studies [48, 53, 58]. Table 2.2 presents a summary of the selected indicators. Ten indicators have been selected comprised of three technological, two economic, two environmental, and three social types. The optimization preferences are assigned as maximum (max^-m) or minimum (min^-m). The indicator values of selected technologies with the range given in the brackets are presented in Table 2.3. The indicator’s values and range were estimated from substantial available literature [32, 35, 48, 60–83]. The present study assigned equal weightage to all indicators assuming that all indicators are equally important for sustainable development.

Table 2.2 Summary of selected indicators.