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Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth Assessment
Читать книгу Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth Assessment - Группа авторов - Страница 1
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Страница 7
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1
Biomass as Emerging Renewable: Challenges and Opportunities
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Bioenergy Chemical Characterization
1.2.1 Cellulose [C
6
(H
2
O)
5
]
n
1.2.2 Hemicellulose [C
5
(H
2
O)
4
]
n
1.2.3 Lignin [C
10
H
12
O
3
]
n
1.2.4 Starch
1.2.5 Other Minor Components of Organic Matter
1.2.6 Inorganic Matter
1.3 Technologies Available for Conversion of Bioenergy
1.4 Progress in Scientific Study
1.4.1 Combustion Technology
1.4.2 Hybrid Systems
1.4.3 Circular Bio-Economy
1.4.4 Other Notable Developments
1.5 Status of Biomass Utilization in India
1.6 Major Issues in Biomass Energy Projects 1.6.1 Large Task Costs
1.6.2 Lower Proficiency of Advancements
1.6.3 Immature Innovations
1.6.4 Lack of Subsidizing Alternatives
1.6.5 Non-Transparent Exchange Markets
1.6.6 High Dangers/Low Compensations
1.6.7 Resource Value Acceleration
1.7 Challenges in Commercialization
1.7.1 Financial Dangers
1.7.2 Technological Dangers
1.7.3 Principal Specialist Hazard
1.7.4 Market Acknowledgement Chances
1.7.5 Environmental Dangers
1.7.6 COVID-19: The Impact on Bioenergy
1.8 Concluding Remarks
References
Страница 45
2
Assessment of Renewable Energy Technologies Based on Sustainability Indicators for Indian Scenario
Abstract
Nomenclature
2.1 Introduction
2.2 RE Scenario in India
2.2.1 Large Hydropower
2.2.2 Small Hydropower
2.2.3 Onshore Wind Power
2.2.4 Solar Power
2.2.5 Bioenergy
2.3 Impact of COVID-19 on RE Sector in India
2.4 Sustainability Assessment of RE Technologies
2.4.1 RE Technologies Selection
2.4.2 Sustainability Indicators Selection and Their Weightage
2.4.3 Methodology
2.4.3.1 The TOPSIS Method
2.4.3.2 The Fuzzy-TOPSIS
2.5 Ranking of RE Technologies 2.5.1 The TOPSIS
2.5.2 The Fuzzy-TOPSIS
2.5.3 Monte Carlo Simulations–Based Probabilistic Ranking
2.6 Results and Discussion
2.7 Conclusion
References
Страница 68
3
A Review of Biomass Impact and Energy Conversion
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Non-Renewable Energy Resources: Crisis and Demand
3.3 Environmental Impacts and Control by Biomass Conversion
3.3.1 Biomass and Its Various Sources for Energy Conversion
3.3.1.1 Sugar and Starch-Based Biomass (First-Generation - 1G)
3.3.1.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass (Second-Generation - 2G)
3.3.1.3 Micro and Macroalgal Biomass (Third-Generation - 3G)
3.3.1.4 Genetically Engineered Biomass (Fourth-Generation)
3.3.1.5 Waste Biomass Resources
3.3.1.5.1 Agricultural and Forest Residues
3.3.1.5.2 Industrial Waste
3.3.1.5.3 Municipal Solid Waste
3.3.1.5.4 Food Waste
3.3.1.5.5 Sewage Waste
3.3.2 Biomass Conversion Process
3.3.2.1 Thermochemical Conversion
3.3.2.1.1 Torrefaction and Carbonization
3.3.2.1.2 Pyrolysis
3.3.2.1.3 Gasification
3.3.2.1.4 Combustion
3.3.2.2 Biological Conversion
3.3.2.2.1 Anaerobic Digestion (AD)
3.3.2.3 Advanced Technology for Biomass Conversion
3.3.2.3.1 Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC)
3.3.2.3.2 Co-firing
3.3.2.3.3 Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
3.3.2.3.4 Transesterification
3.3.2.3.5 Cellulosic Biomass Conversion
3.3.2.3.5.1 Pre-treatment and Saccharification
3.3.2.3.5.2 Fermentation
3.3.3 Biofuel as Renewable Energy for the Future
3.3.3.1 Solid Fuel
3.3.3.2 Gaseous Fuel
3.3.3.3 Liquid Biofuel
3.4 Future Trends
3.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
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