Читать книгу Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth Assessment - Группа авторов - Страница 80

Biomass residues are produced in excess from the processing of crops. One of the significant fields of emphasis in various countries worldwide is the extraction of electricity from these residues [54]. The biomass residues that have appeared since primary crop harvesting are stalks, stems, leaves, husks, cobs. Stalks, straw, stems and leaves, husks, cobs, and others are the biomass residues that have emerged after primary crop harvesting [54]. They estimated that energy extracted from all these residues of agricultural biomass was 298,955 TJ and 65,491 TJ. Agricultural biomass and animal manure are the cheapest and most possible bioenergy sources (energy crops-wheat, rice, barley, corn, potatoes, apples, grapes, alfalfa, and other agricultural residues) in Iran [16]. It projected that biogas production of 11,523.84 and 16,026 million m³/year was from livestock and slaughter. Forest residues possess a comparatively large concentration of lignin – precursors of bio-phenols and bio-polyols [7].