Читать книгу Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage - Группа авторов - Страница 14

Geologic carbon storage, or geologic carbon sequestration, is an emerging technology to permanently store or sequester separated and captured anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) from industrial sources into deep geologic formations. Some large‐scale anthropogenic CO₂ sources include coal‐fired or gas‐fired power plants, oil and gas refineries, steel mills, and cement plants. The purpose of geologic carbon storage is to mitigate the rising CO₂ concentration in Earth's atmosphere and to substantially reduce its impact on the global warming.

Geophysical monitoring is crucial for ensuring safe, long‐term geologic carbon storage. A geologic carbon storage project requires site characterization before CO₂ injection to evaluate if the site is suitable for geologic carbon storage, and monitoring of CO₂ migration during and after CO₂ injection. Various geophysical monitoring techniques can remotely track subsurface CO₂ plumes and provide crucial information to mitigate potential leakage risks. A geologic carbon storage project should integrate complementary geophysical monitoring techniques to form a comprehensive monitoring plan because various geophysical monitoring techniques have their own advantages and limitations. Joint analyses of information from different geophysical monitoring techniques can increase the monitoring confidence. Monitoring plans must be adaptable during different phases of a geologic carbon storage project from site characterization to injection to postinjection site care. The type of monitoring technique that should be deployed also depends on the monitoring targets, such as the atmosphere, drinking water aquifers, cap rock, and storage formation.

This book provides a comprehensive reference to different geophysical techniques currently used and being developed for monitoring geologic carbon storage, and assesses their advantages and limitations. Part I introduces two techniques for geodetic and surface monitoring. Part II is on subsurface monitoring using seismic techniques. Part III focuses on subsurface monitoring using nonseismic techniques. Part IV presents five case studies of geophysical monitoring at different worldwide geologic carbon storage sites.

The field of geophysical monitoring for geologic carbon storage is rapidly growing. Many new technologies are being developed. This book does not aim to include all possible geophysical monitoring technologies but rather presents an overview of current techniques and their applications, drawing on examples from geologic carbon storage sites across the world.