Читать книгу Principles in Microbiome Engineering - Группа авторов - Страница 22

The dietary habits and nutritional composition influence the microbiome, thus affecting the host health. The food distribution based on living standards, the supply of local foods, and cultural habits influence people's dietary habits from different walks of life. In the consumption of these food groups, the nutritional content alters the preference of microbial growth in the GI tract. This diversity is time‐dependent, where the microbiome profile is highly dynamic providing daily cyclical fluctuations that are influenced by the eating habits and daily routine [53]. For instance, individuals consuming a meat‐rich diet showed an increased diversity of bile‐tolerant microorganisms (Alistipes, Bilophila, and Bacteroides). They decreased polysaccharide hydrolyzing‐Firmicutes compared to the vegetarian diet [54]. Comparatively, intermittent fasting in mice showed cyclical changes in the gut microbiome, affecting all major phyla where Firmicutes peaks during nocturnal feeding, whereas Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia species peaked during daytime feeding [53].

These dietary patterns indicate the roles of diet affecting the gut microbiome, where this topic would be further discussed in the following subchapter 1.2.