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In subchapter 1.2, the role of dietary habits and the nutritional composition evidently play a role in both short‐term regulation of the microbiome and long‐term shaping of the microbiota landscape [54, 96, 162]. The microbiome changes facilitate various health‐benefiting properties to the host, such as regulating the host immune system, perturbing host growth, and development, altering the host biochemistry and affecting the microbiome in other parts of the human host [163, 164]. It is often unclear whether it is the change of the host biochemistry that perturbs the microbiota population or the changes of the microbiota population that alters the host biochemistry (Figure 1.4). However, certainly these changes can positively influence the hosts' health by boosting the immune system or negatively impacting the host through dysbiosis, resulting in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Through shaping the host's dietary pattern, it is possible to encourage the growth of the desired microbiota population through the use of prebiotics and nutrients or to eliminate antagonistic competitors of the health‐conferring commensals using probiotics.