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1.2.4.6 North America

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Similar to certain Asian diets, the dietary habit of North Americans is regulated by public health policies [157]. Based on this, the Diet Quality Index was used in evaluating trends of the US population and found significant improvements from 1965 to 1991 [158]. This is further promoted by the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 [159]. It was found that North Americans have a border range of dietary factors, broad macronutrients, multiple food sources, and nutrients [160]. It was shown that US adults consumed more grains from a study conducted from 1999 to 2012, with a stable intake of unprocessed red meat and poultry consumption. Despite the access to a large variety of foods, it was found that the US adults have the least diverse fecal microbiota, showing an abundance of 23 groups (an average non‐US adult have 73 groups) with the major constituent in the Prevotella genus [161].

Principles in Microbiome Engineering

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