Читать книгу Principles in Microbiome Engineering - Группа авторов - Страница 25

Dietary habits and nutritional composition are a few of the most important and modifiable determinants of human health. Habitual diet is postulated as an essential determinative factor to establish the initial human gut microbiome. Among them, carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamin, water, and inorganic salt are the six major nutrients needed by the human body. While it is certain that each of these major nutrients plays an important role in shaping the microbiome, other factors synergistically exert their influence such as gender, body mass index (BMI), cultural, economic, social socioeconomic status, and lifestyle (e.g. smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity) [63]. The intake of these dietary nutrients facilitates various cellular functions such as tissue repair, homeostatic biochemical equilibrium, and host development. These cellular activities are not just limited to the host cellular response to the nutrient abundance but are also dependent on the microbiota response to these nutrients, altering the population and behavior of individual microbial groups. Herein, we discuss the role of protein, soluble saccharides, fibrous insoluble polysaccharides, and lipids in shaping the microbiome.