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The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet

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The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) dietary pattern originated in the 1990s as a dietary pattern to normalize BP in patients with hypertension. Since then, a large body of evidence has confirmed its beneficial effects on BP. This pattern advocates the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and low‐fat dairy products. It incorporates whole grains, poultry, fish, and nuts, while discouraging the consumption of red and processed meat, sweets, and sugary soft drinks. As a result, it provides lower amounts of total and saturated fat and dietary cholesterol, while recommending the intake of dietary fiber, potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca). A typical serving guide of the DASH diet includes:

1 Vegetables: four to five servings/day

2 Fruits: four to five servings/day

3 Grain and grain products: seven to eight servings/day

4 Low‐fat dairy products: two to three servings/day

5 Lean meat products: two or fewer servings/day

6 Nuts and seeds: four to five times/week

7 Fat and oils: two to three servings/day

The recommended sodium (Na) intake of the original DASH dietary pattern was 135 mmol/d (approximately 3100 mg/d). Since then, the effects of combining the DASH diet with lower dietary sodium intakes on BP have been investigated in individuals with hypertension. Further reducing sodium intake to 2000 mg/d reduces systolic BP more than the DASH diet alone. This effect has been shown in participants with or without hypertension, people from different races, and women and men. According to the WHO, the current recommendation for sodium intake is below 2000 mg/d (i.e., 5 g/d salt) to reduce BP and the risk of CVDs, stroke, and coronary heart disease.

Textbook of Lifestyle Medicine

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