Читать книгу Canine and Feline Epilepsy - Luisa De Risio - Страница 37

Several established and novel mechanisms could mediate the effects of inflammatory mediators on neuronal excitability and epilepsy. Some of these mechanisms could be involved in the precipitation and recurrence of seizures, while others are implicated in the development of epileptogenesis (Vezzani and Baram, 2007). These mechanisms constitute potential molecular targets for drug design, and are briefly summarized here. As discussed above, IL-1β and HMGB1 activate convergent signalling cascade through binding to IL-1R1 and TLR4, respectively (Akira et al., 2001; Perkins, 2007; Hoebe and Beutler, 2008). The downstream pathways activated by these ligands converge with the TNF pathways at the transcription factor NFκB, which regulates the synthesis of chemokines, cytokines, enzymes (for example, COX-2) and receptors (for example, TLRs, IL-1R1, and TNF p55 and p75 receptors) (Gilmore, 2006). This transcriptional pathway modulates the expression of genes involved in neurogenesis, cell death and survival, and in synaptic molecular reorganization and plasticity (processes that occur concomitantly with epileptogenesis in experimental models) (Buckmaster and Dudek, 1997; Pitkanen and Lukasiuk, 2009).